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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Beyond NMC batteries: Supply chain issues for emerging battery technologies
The LFP battery supply chains are significantly more concentrated than those for nickel-based batteries Lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries now supply almost half the global electric car market up from less than 10% in 2020, at the expense of the previously dominant nickel-based NMC lithium-ion batteries, due to improved performance and lower costs. This remarkable battery chemistry shift is leading to new battery critical mineral supply chains coming into focus beyond nickel and cobalt. Simultaneously, there is also the emergence of manganese-rich lithium-ion cathodes, sodium-ion batteries, as well as the anticipated impact of solid…
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Ukraine
Ukraine is a key country for European and global energy security. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed it to fundamentally reshape its past dependence on energy imports from Russia.
As the invasion continues, Ukraine is focused on tracking large-scale energy supply disruptions and actively working to recover power and heating for civilians. It is also putting together an ambitious recovery and reconstruction plan, with a strong focus on energy security. In the medium-term, Ukraine’s energy strategy remains focused on European integration, while it aims to an energy system that is ready for a Net Zero future…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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Renewable Energy Progress Tracker
Explore electricity, heat and renewable fuels data from Renewables 2025 and renewables ambitions by 2030
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine Policy options and implications
Overview of policy instruments for distributed solar PV deployment Globally, government policies and incentives have been the main driver for distributed PV deployment. These instruments can be differentiated between 1) policies targeting investment costs and 2) policies focusing on consumption and the sale of electricity.Policies targeting investment costs usually take the form of direct financial incentives that aim to reduce initial investment costs and make distributed PV systems more affordable for consumers. They include:Grants and rebates: a fixed subsidy, usually with a one-time payment.Tax credits: amounts taxpayers can subtract from taxes, usually based on a percentage…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Cutting through the noise
Cutting through the noise
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World Energy Outlook 2022 The global energy crisis
Introduction The world is in the middle of a global energy crisis of unprecedented depth and complexity. Europe is at the centre of this crisis, but it is having major implications for markets, policies and economies worldwide. As so often is the case, the poorest and most vulnerable are likely to suffer most. The strains did not begin with Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, but they have been sharply exacerbated by it. Extraordinarily high prices are sparking a reappraisal of energy policies and priorities. The Europe-Russia energy relationship lies in tatters, calling into question the viability of decades of…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Key questions about hydrogen
How has the conflict in the Middle East affected supplies of fertilisers and chemicals made from hydrogen? The conflict in the Middle East has disrupted not only oil and gas flows, but also global supply chains for hydrogen‑based products, particularly fertilisers and chemicals such as ammonia, urea and methanol. These products account for a large share of hydrogen demand, with ammonia and methanol alone representing roughly half of global consumption.The Middle East plays a critical role in global markets for hydrogen-based products, and a large share of its production is dedicated to exports, making the region a major…
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Eritrea
Less than half of the population of Eritrea has access to electricity. Most of the country's electricity generation comes from imported oil.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Qatar
Qatar is a major producer and exporter of natural gas, oil and oil products. Its domestic oil and gas productions entirely cover the country’s energy needs.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Sue-Ern Tan
Head of the IEA Regional Cooperation Centre. Sue-Ern Tan is the Head of the IEA Regional Cooperation Centre established in Singapore at the end of 2024. The Office is the first outside of the IEA’s Paris headquarters in its 50-year history and will provide policy guidance, technical assistance, training and capacity building across areas such as scaling-up the deployment of renewables and other clean energy technologies, increasing cross-border power trade, and improving access to finance for clean energy investment.Prior to joining the IEA, Ms Tan worked at Shell plc in senior climate and energy roles at Shell’s headquarters in London and The Hague and most recently in Singapore as the Head of Policy and Advocacy. Ms Tan practiced as a lawyer, worked as Ministerial adviser on energy in the Australian Government and was the Deputy CEO of a minerals trade association in Australia. She graduated from University of New South Wales in Australia with a Commerce and Law Degree and is an Eise...
