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Coal 2025 Trade
International coal trade is set to decline in 2025 International coal trade grew by 3% in 2024, reaching a new record of 1 544 Mt. This growth was driven by increases in both thermal coal (up 26 Mt to 1 176 Mt) and met coal (up 21 Mt to 368 Mt). Coal trade accounted for approximately 18% of global coal demand, with thermal coal making up more than three-quarters of total traded volumes. Seaborne trade continued to dominate, representing over 90% of global coal trade in 2024.The Asia Pacific region further strengthened its dominance, accounting for 85% of global coal imports in 2024. China led…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Ayisha Siddiqa
Youth Climate Advisor to UN Secretary General (US/Pakistan).
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Merab Birungi Byaruhanga
Project Manager and Policy Leader. Eng. Merab Birungi Byaruhanga is the Project Manager & head policy for the Promotion of Renewable and Energy Efficiency Programme at GIZ Energy & Climate cluster. The project focusses on policy interventions to support Government of Uganda in creating an enabling framework in energy sector, promotion of uptake of renewable energy and energy efficiency with private sector, capacity building interventions for public & private sector and inclusion of energy aspects in planning processes for districts.Merab has over 10 years’ experience in implementation of renewable energy, energy efficiency, and climate projects with government, private sector, academia and development partners. She is passionate about mentoring young women in the energy sector.Merab is a registered engineer under the Uganda Institution of Professional Engineers and is a member of the Federation of African Engineering Organization under the Governance committee.
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National Public Sector Solarisation Initiative (NPSSI)
The National Public Sector Solarisation Initiative (NPSSI) is a federal government programme launched in 2025 to deploy solar power systems in public institutions across Nigeria. The initiative has initial funding of about ₦100 billion and aims to replace diesel generators with solar mini-grids and renewable power systems in schools, hospitals, government offices and other critical facilities. The programme seeks to reduce energy costs, improve reliability of electricity supply and support Nigeria’s clean energy transition.
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The Petroleum Act
The Petroleum Act provides the overarching framework governingexploration, production, and use of petroleum in Nigeria. It vests ownership and control of all petroleum exclusively with the government. The Minister of Petroleum Resources is responsible for granting exploration licences, prospecting licences, and mining leases. Other licences relate to the construction and operation of refineries, importing, storing, selling and distribution of any petroleum products. The Act authorises the Ministry to issue more specific regulations controlling the production of oil and gas. These include matters relating to licences and leases (e.g., safety; conservation of petroleum resources; prevention of pollution of watercourses and…
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The Electricity Act
The Electricity Act 2023 aims at providing an integrated policy plan that recognises all sources for the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, including the integration of renewable energy into Nigeria's energy mix.
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Petroleum Industry Act
…government policy in the petroleum industry; Creates the Nigerian Upstream Regulatory Commission, which is responsible for the technical and commercial regulation of upstream petroleum operations; Establishes the Nigerian Midstream and Downstream Petroleum Regulatory Authority, which is responsible for the technical and commercial regulation of midstream and downstream petroleum operations;Replaces the old structure of Nigerian National Petroleum for a limited liability company called Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited.Regarding licenses, this law:Maintains the provisions from the former Petroleum Act;Establishes the possibility of celebrating joint venture arrangements with the Nigerian National Petroleum Company Limited;Indicates different companies should be…
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Framework for the implementation of intervention facility for the national gas expansion programme
The National Gas Expansion Programme (NGEP) was introduced to make CNG the fuel choice for transportation and LPG the fuel choice for cooking, captive power and small industrial complexes. The framework for the implementation of intervention facility for the NGEP established by the Central Bank of Nigeria introduces the N250 billion intervention facility to help stimulate investment in the gas value chain. The objectives of the facility include: improving private financing access, stimulating investments in infrastructure, adopting CNG and LPG, developing gas based industries such as petrochemical, and boosting employment.
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Companies' Income Tax Act
Sec. 9 A tax shall be assessed on the profits of any company “accruing in, derived from, brought into, or received in, Nigeria.”
Part VI offers incentives to a "company engaged in gas utilisation (downstream operations)":
Sec. 39(1) (a) an initial tax-free period of three years which may, subject to the satisfactory performance of the business, be renewed for an additional period of two years [added in 1998];
(b) as an alternative to the initial tax free period granted under paragraph (a) of this subsection, an additional investment allowance of 35% which shall not reduce the value of… -
Climate Technology Centre and Network Technical Assistance
…Nations (UN) Environment Programme and the UN Industrial Development Organization. It provides technical assistance in response to requests from developing economies or nationally-selected focal points on specific climate technology sectors.
Examples of CCUS-focused CTCN projects include:
1) “Carbon capture and storage potential in Nigeria”. This project assessed regulatory gaps for CCUS in Nigeria and aimed to increase the institutional capacity for implementation of projects in the country.
2) “Substantial GHG emissions reduction in the cement industry by using waste heat recovery combined with mineral carbon capture and utilization”. This project provided technical and financial assessment and developed a…