-
Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Key findings
Biogases are a hidden solution to many of today’s energy security and sustainability challenges. They turn waste into sustainable, low-emissions fuels. The attraction of biogases lies in the integration of energy, environment, waste and emissions policies and targets. Biogas can be used directly as heat by households and industry, and to produce electricity. Biomethane, which is an upgraded form of biogas, is a locally sourced, drop-in substitute for natural gas. This report assesses the global potential and costs of developing biogas and biomethane using a first-of-a-kind geospatial analysis. It provides detailed country- and region…
-
The State of Energy Innovation 2026 Executive summary
Successful energy innovations can have outsize economic and social outcomes, impacting industrial competitiveness, trade, environmental health, infrastructure investment and security. The second edition of the State of Energy Innovation turns the spotlight on the technologies, policies and funders at the forefront of this process. Today, the global markets for energy technologies such as batteries, transformers, turbines, motors and heat exchangers are worth trillions of dollars. With spending on energy representing as much as 10% of global GDP, innovation that reduces energy supply costs can transform a country’s comparative advantage. As a result, the energy sector is innovation-intensive: one…
-
Global Energy Review 2025 Key findings
…country in 2024. India saw the second-largest rise in energy demand in absolute terms – more than the increase in all advanced economies combined.Advanced economies also saw a notable return to growth in energy demand after several years of declines, with demand rising by almost 1%. The United States saw the third-largest absolute demand growth in 2024 after China and India. The European Union returned to growth for the first time since 2017 (aside from the post-Covid rebound in 2021).Global oil demand growth slowed markedly in 2024, in line with the IEA’s forecast. Oil’s…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 3 pages
-
Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Energy outlook to 2050 based on today’s policy settings
Southeast Asia becomes one of the main engines of global energy demand growth under today’s policy settings. In the Stated Policies Scenario, the region contributes around 20% of the increase in global energy demand to 2035, supported by sustained economic expansion, rapid electrification and its growing role as a global manufacturing hub. Clean energy expands, but not fast enough to displace fossil fuels. In the STEPS, clean energy meets over 40% of incremental demand growth to 2035, while fossil fuels still meet around 60%. In the Current Policies Scenario, slower policy implementation, financing constraints and power system integration challenges…
-
Global Energy and Climate Model About the Global Energy and Climate Model
Overview Since 1993, the IEA has provided medium- to long-term energy projections using a continually evolving set of detailed, world-leading modelling tools. First, the World Energy Model (WEM) – a large-scale simulation model designed to replicate how energy markets function – was developed. A decade later, the Energy Technology Perspectives (ETP) model – a technology-rich bottom-up model – was developed for use in parallel to the WEM.Over the past four years, the IEA has worked to develop a new integrated modelling framework: the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model. This model is now the principal tool…
-
Global Energy Review 2026 Global trends
…Energy demand growth in the United States accelerated, while China’s momentum slowed China accounted for the largest share of global energy demand growth in 2025, as in 2024. However, this fact masks a sharp slowdown in its rate of growth, which at 1.7% was substantially slower than GDP and much lower than the annual increase seen a year earlier (2.7%). Sharp growth in renewables in electricity generation in China helped to push down coal consumption, with the knock-on effect of improving primary energy intensity.The United States saw a notable acceleration in its energy demand growth…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages
-
Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
…the China’s own average increases during this period.In 2023, advanced economies saw a 140 TWh decline in electricity consumption due to soft industrial output in some countries and milder weather conditions. In 2024, this reversed dramatically, with electricity consumption increasing by 230 TWh, led by growth in the United States. Strong demand for cooling, growth in the data centre sector and a pickup in industrial production were important factors behind this trend. The European Union’s electricity consumption grew by about 1.5% in 2024, compared with near-zero growth on average from 2003 to 2023. Other advanced economies…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 3 pages
-
Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
…in in the United States grew by 170 kb/d (thousand barrels per day), or 0.9%, while demand in the European Union, Japan and Korea declined by a combined 270 kb/d. Overall oil use in advanced economies in 2025 stood 1.7 mb/d (around 4%) below its 2019 level.In the United States, a rise in petrochemical feedstock consumption narrowly outweighed the decline in transport use. By contrast, growth in petrochemical intake fell in the European Union, Japan and Korea. Operators were forced to close several plants amid intensifying competition, largely from producers in the United States and China…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages
-
Pledges to Progress 2025 Executive summary
…the harmful consequences of climate change.To support accountability and transparency, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) set out a framework of 25 metrics to assess and track the efforts reported by the oil and gas industry to achieve the goals set out in the OGDC. The framework is detailed in the 2024 report Turning Pledges into Progress.This progress report is the first assessment of the largest 116 oil and gas companies against the 25 metrics. The assessment covers companies that account for 80% of global…
-
Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle batteries
Electric vehicle battery deployment Electric vehicle battery deployment grew by almost 30% in 2025 Electric vehicles (EVs) remained the primary source of global battery deployment, accounting for more than 70% of the total in 2025, slightly down from almost 80% in 2024. In 2025, EV battery deployment reached 1.2 TWh, an increase of almost 30% compared to 2024, and more than 7 times greater than in 2020. Light‑duty vehicles remained the dominant segment, representing more than 85% of the 2025 EV battery deployment. However, the fastest growth came from electric trucks, for which battery demand more than doubled – largely thanks…
