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Global Energy and Climate Model Current Policies Scenario (CPS)
…WEO) reintroduces the Current Policies Scenario (CPS). It was a regular feature of the International Energy Agency suite of scenarios until the WEO-2020, when it was discontinued amid turmoil in energy markets and rapid changes in the policy landscape during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now that the world has passed through the pandemic and the global energy crisis triggered at the outset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, there is merit in revisiting the CPS. The scenario relies only on measures that are formally written into existing legislation and regulation, and which does not consider any additional changes to…
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Russia Hydrogen Strategy
Russia hydrogen strategy sees the country as one of the world leaders in production and exports of hydrogen, targeting 20% of the global market by 2030 with hydrogen exports of 2 million mt/year by 2035 and 15-50 million mt/year by 2050. Russia is considering developing hydrogen projects based on nuclear, natural gas and renewables, and plans to capitalize on domestic resources, existing energy supply routes, and proximity to potential future consumers in Europe and Asia.
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Building standards and rules of the Russian Federation
Russia’s national building code sets guidelines for the thermal performance of buildings, including building envelopes, fenestration, insulation materials and technologies.It was last amended in 2024 with regards to required heat transfer resistance.
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Russia Sanctions Regime
Australia has announced various sanctions on Russia following Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Sanctions were first introduced in 2014 and later upgraded in 2015, 2022, and 2023. The measures announced in 2014 were specifically related to designated and declared persons and entities, while the measures introduced in 2022 included restrictions on the import, purchase or transport of certain commodities, such as oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas, coal, aluminium ores, alumina and related products, as well as other energy-related products.
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Russia Sanctions Act 2022
In 2022, New Zealand announced a range of sanctions and trade measures against Russia in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.The sanctions include export and import prohibitions as well as a 35% tariff on all Russian imports into New Zealand. Export prohibitions are also applied to energy products such as ammonia, photovoltaic cells not assembled and other photosensitive semiconductor devices, hydrogen, primary cells and primary batteries of manganese dioxide, heat pumps, among other products.
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Russia - Decree 496/2017: Export support
In September 2016, the Russian government announced new rules for supporting automotive (HS Code 7203), including electric vehicles, exports by providing subsidies which foresees compensation of transportation costs. The latter was subscribed within the 2016 federal budget but then adjusted through Decree 496 on 26.04.2017.
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Russia-related sanctions
…following the Russian annexation of Crimea, the United States (US) enforced a package of economic sanctions and restrictions on energy-related equipment and technology. This first package of measures included, amongst other restrictions, sanctions on two major banks (Gazprombank and VEB) and energy companies (Novatek and Rosneft), as well as a ban on the provision of critical technologies and equipment required by the Russian oil sector, including those enabling deepwater and Arctic oil exploration and production and shale oil projects in Russia. This first set of measures were extended until Russia's invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. A second set…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
…over the coming decades, but the total population nonetheless rises from 8.1 billion in 2024 to 9.6 billion in 2050. Population growth in the medium variant is not linear, and the rate of growth slows over time.Demographic trends differ by country and region. Ageing populations and slowing fertility rates mean the size of the population in 2050 is expected to be smaller than today in the European Union, Russia, Japan and China. In contrast, the United Nations projects a billion more people in Africa by 2050, accounting for three-fifths of the global population increase, and around a further…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Key findings
…is not just to diversify away from a single energy commodity, but to change the nature of the energy system itself, and to do so while maintaining the affordable, secure provision of energy services. Key findings The global energy crisis sparked by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is having far-reaching implications for households, businesses and entire economies, prompting short-term responses from governments as well as a deeper debate about the ways to reduce the risk of future disruptions and promote energy security. This is a global crisis, but Europe is the main theatre in which it is playing…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 Executive summary
…tensions, energy security and affordability remain top priorities for Southeast Asia. The recent global energy crisis highlighted the region’s vulnerability to fuel price shocks, with fossil fuel consumption subsidies soaring to a record USD 105 billion in 2022 – nearly 60% above the previous peak. Energy security risks continue to loom large as Russia’s war in Ukraine continues and conflicts in the Middle East escalate, with Southeast Asia reliant on the Middle East for 60% of its current oil imports.Energy-related environmental issues, including poor air quality and the impacts of climate change, are becoming more urgent. In…
