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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Demand
Global hydrogen demand grew almost 3% in 2025 to surpass 100 Mt, concentrated in traditional uses in industry and refining. The impacts of the conflict in the Middle East render the near-term outlook for current hydrogen applications uncertain, particularly for fertiliser production and trade.Demand for low-emissions hydrogen grew by 20% in 2025, reaching close to 1 Mt. However, sluggish and uncertain policy implementation is failing to address the major barriers to adoption and preventing faster uptake.New offtake agreements for low-emissions hydrogen reached 1.7 Mtpa in 2025, as in 2024. One-fifth of all new agreements were firm…
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Ksenia Petrichenko
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Alison Pridmore
Former Energy Analyst.
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COP28 Tripling Renewable Capacity Pledge 2025: Update Key Findings
…reaching 189 in total. Countries’ overall renewable capacity ambitions from national policies and plans are 6% higher compared to last year’s analysis Global renewable capacity ambition has increased by 453 GW since the last IEA assessment. China’s upward ambition is the largest globally, rising by around 600 GW. In contrast, ambitions in the Americas are down by around 322 GW. The Middle East and North Africa saw the second-largest increase—and the highest in percentage terms—rising nearly 50% from last year. Europe and the Asia Pacific region (excluding China) show modest growth of about 3% each…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Electricity supply
…growth and slower coal plant retirements pushed coal‑fired generation higher. In the European Union, despite record solar PV output, weak wind and hydropower output resulted in higher gas‑fired generation and a small decline in coal-fired generation. Global natural gas-fired generation increased by around 0.5% in 2025, following an increase of 2.1% in 2024. Gas-fired generation rose strongly in Europe as weather trends boosted demand for heating and cooling. It also increased in the Middle East due to oil-to-gas switching in the power sector, particularly in Saudi Arabia. Global growth was tempered by declines...
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Gas Market Report, Q3-2025 Executive summary
…Market fundamentals remained tight in the first half of 2025 due to a combination of lower Russian piped gas exports to the European Union, slower growth in liquefied natural gas (LNG) output and higher storage injection needs in Europe. This supported higher natural gas prices in key import markets and weighed on natural gas demand in Asia. Meanwhile, geopolitical tensions continued to fuel price volatility. The conflict between Israel and Iran was a stark reminder that geopolitical factors can easily strain a fragile global gas balance. The IEA continues to closely monitor developments in the Middle East.Following an expected…
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France d'Agrain
Former Energy Analyst.
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Christian Zinglersen
Former Head of the Clean Energy Ministerial Secretariat.
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Mine Isik
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 3. Saudi Arabia’s first green full-process heavy plate mill project
…production plant, will be located in Ras al-Khair Industrial City and is scheduled to begin operations by the end of 2026. With an annual capacity of up to 1.5 million tonnes, the plant will supply domestic industries and export to the wider Gulf and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.A key feature of the project is its low-carbon production route. The plant will use a natural gas-based direct reduced iron (DRI) furnace and an electric arc furnace (EAF), targeting up to 60% lower CO₂ emissions compared with the traditional blast furnace route. The DRI…
