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Data Centres
Data Centres
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Broader view on energy-related strategic minerals: What risks to anticipate?
…industrial gas turbines. Similarly, the chips and solar PV industries often rely on overlapping sets of specialised materials. This underscores how, taken together, the energy, technology and other strategic sectors are driving forces increasingly shaping critical mineral markets.In this section, we cover 20 energy-related, multisectoral minerals to understand potential risk areas that could have major economic implications. In addition to key energy minerals such as copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite, rare earths, manganese and silicon this includes other strategic minerals such as antimony, chromium, gallium, germanium, indium, molybdenum, tantalum, tellurium, titanium, tungsten, vanadium and zirconium. Strategic mineral markets…
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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Executive summary
…continued to decline, returning to pre-pandemic levels. Lithium prices, which had surged eightfold during 2021-22, fell by over 80% since 2023. Graphite, cobalt and nickel prices also dropped by 10 to 20% in 2024. Despite strong expectations for future demand growth, investment decisions today face significant market and economic uncertainties. Investment momentum in critical mineral development weakened in 2024, with spending rising by just 5%, down from 14% in 2023. Adjusted for cost inflation, real investment growth was just 2%. Exploration activity plateaued in 2024, marking a pause in the upward trend seen since 2020. While exploration spending…
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Russia's War on Ukraine
…defence systems have helped safeguard power supply this winter, but Russia’s attacks are ongoing, and additional resources are needed to tackle structural problems that persist within the country’s power sector.Meanwhile, the war continues to reshape the global energy system in profound ways. Trade patterns for oil and natural gas have shifted dramatically since Russia’s invasion as governments look to strengthen their energy security. At the same time, cleaner alternatives to fossil fuels are growing faster than ever. Due in part to policies unveiled by governments after February 2022, the world’s capacity to produce renewable power…
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Case 5. Silk Road fund commitment in African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV
Project overview and impact Africa’s energy sector faces a persistent investment shortfall, with annual clean energy spending needing to grow more than six times by 2035 to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. Equity funds have become an important channel for mobilising capital into markets where project-level financing remains constrained by high costs of capital, currency risk and a shortage of scalable, investable project structures. Against this backdrop, the Silk Road Fund (SRF) committed USD 50 million to the African Infrastructure Investment Fund IV (AIIF4) in 2023. The AIIF4 is a pan-African infrastructure fund managed by African…
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Jean-Baptiste Dubreuil
Former Senior Natural Gas Analyst.
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Global Energy and Climate Model Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario (NZE)
…the IEA has updated its NZE Scenario each year, in line with changes in real world investment, technology developments and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.Three inter-related trends have marked the last several years:Energy sector emissions have continued to set record highs.Progress in deploying low-emissions technologies and increasing energy efficiency has been very rapid in some cases but is uneven across sectors and countries.The context in which governments and energy companies are operating remains complex and challenging, marked by features such as increasing geopolitical fragmentation, high government debt burdens, and rising levels of concern about energy security…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Trends in other EV modes
Trends in electric truck sales Electric truck sales doubled in 2025 to reach 9% of truck sales worldwide Sales of electric trucks continued to grow for the fifth consecutive year in 2025, exceeding 400 000 for the first time and doubling compared to the previous year. Globally, electric trucks reached 9% of all truck sales in 2025, surpassing the EV sales share for buses and light commercial vehicles.In particular, the electric heavy freight truck (HFT) segment expanded significantly: sales of electric HFTs almost tripled year-on-year, from around 84 000 in 2024 to a record high of 230 000 in 2025…
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Electricity 2026 Demand
…a paradigm shift. Traditionally, electricity use has closely tracked economic expansion, excluding periods of global financial crises. However, in a marked departure from the past, electricity demand is now expected to outpace economic growth on a global scale through 2030.While emerging economies continue to be the main pillars of growth in electricity use, demand in advanced economies is now rising again after a 15-year period of stagnation. The resurgence signals a new era in which electricity is a major energy input to some of the most dynamic drivers of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres…
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Energy and AI AI and climate change
…some of which lead to emissions reductions, whether directly through reduced energy needs or otherwise: Methane emissions reductions in oil and gas operations – a large source of this sector’s methane emissions come from leaks; AI can facilitate detection so that repairs can happen sooner, for example through better identification using satellite monitoring systems.Power sector emissions reductions by improving efficiencies at fossil fuel-powered plants; for example, by ensuring process conditions within a natural gas-powered plant are closer to those for optimal efficiency.Industry emissions reductions by optimising manufacturing processes for their energy needs, therefore lowering related emissions…
