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Gas Market Report, Q2-2025 Executive summary
…China”). Tighter market fundamentals put upward pressure on gas prices across all key markets, while geopolitical tensions have also continued to fuel price volatility. Below-average growth in global LNG output together and lower piped gas exports from the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) to the European Union have kept supply tight and increased the call on gas storage and reserve mechanisms. Global gas demand growth is expected to slow to around 1.5% in 2025 due to a combination of initially tight market conditions and heightened macroeconomic uncertainties. The global gas balance remains fragile in an increasingly complex geopolitical context…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Source, flows and destination of global energy-related investment spending
Most energy investment is supported by commercial finance and made by private sponsors, but the sources of finance vary widely by technology and region. Today, 75% of the available finance for investment in the energy sector is commercial finance, but domestic and international public finance play important roles that vary widely across regions and sectors.
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Uganda
In 2019, Uganda’s energy mix was dominated by fuel wood and charcoal followed by a small share of oil products. The country produces electricity mainly from hydroelectric plants. Between 2017 and 2019, electrification outpaced population growth in Uganda. However in 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking.
The Electricity Connection Policy was introduced in 2018 with the ambition of increasing Uganda’s electricity access to 60 percent by 2027 through connection subsidies for consumers located close to the existing network. About 300,000 households and businesses have received free electricity connections, benefiting 1.5…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Energy Review 2025 Oil
Oil demand growth loses momentum Growth in global oil demand slowed markedly in 2024, with consumption rising by 0.8% (1.5 EJ or 830 kb/d) to 193 EJ after jumping by 1.9% in 2023. This reflected the end of the post-pandemic mobility rebound, slower industrial growth and the increasing impact of electric vehicles. This 0.8% increase in demand – below the pre-pandemic growth rate of over 1% in the decade to 2019 – was closely in line with the IEA’s first forecast for 2024 set out in June 2023, which noted that structural macroeconomic trends would…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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World Energy Investment 2025 European Union
…low-emissions technologies, average energy prices in Europe are higher than in other major economies. The EU energy market has also experienced notable disparities in spot prices among member states. As EU market prices rose in 2024, Spain experienced near-zero and even negative spot prices, resulting in the curtailment of renewable energy sources. These fluctuations are largely attributed to the rapid expansion of renewable energy without corresponding upgrades in storage and grid infrastructure. In April 2024 11% of variable renewable output was curtailed in Ireland due to insufficient capacity to transport or store electricity when demand was low. Volatilit...
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Technical Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (Trial)
The 2016 “Technical Guideline for Environmental Risk Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture, Utilization and Storage (Trial)” was issued and formulated by the Department of Science, Technology and Standards of the Ministry of Environmental Protection of China. The Guideline could serve as technological reference for CCUS environmental risk assessment. It can also serve to guide for environmental risk assessment of newly built or expanded carbon dioxide capture, geological utilization and geological storage projects on land.
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Sudan
Most of Sudan’s electricity generation comes from hydropower, and more than half of the Eastern African region’s total oil-based capacity is located in the country. Sudan is also contemplating scaling up projects on solar power in the coming years.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Norihiko Saeki
Director for CCUS Policy, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan. Norihiko Saeki serves as the Director for CCUS Policy, the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy (ANRE), the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry of Japan (METI). He is responsible for formulating national strategy for Carbon Capture, Utilization and Sequestration (CCUS) in the Japanese government and currently engaged in drafting CCUS Business Act and CCUS Diplomacy as well. Prior to assuming this duty, Mr. Saeki was the Executive Director at Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) Los Angeles office and oversees and coordinates the collaboration program of “J-Bridge”. He holds a Bachelors degree from the University of Tokyo, has been a visiting scholar at Johns Hopkins University SAIS and completed the Mamagement Acceleration Program at the Anderson School of Management UCLA.
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China’s Official Energy Finance in Emerging and Developing Economies Trends in China’s Outbound Energy Finance
This section examines the major shifts in China’s outbound energy finance over the past decade, with a particular focus on developments since 2022. Drawing on publicly available project information and systematically compiled datasets, the analysis highlights structural changes in the scale, composition and institutional drivers of official financing, with aggregate figures presented up to 2024. Together, these trends reveal how China’s role as an energy financier is evolving – from a gradual decline of traditional policy-bank lending to the rise of more commercial-oriented official providers – and what this means for investment patterns across EMDE. Overall financing trends…
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Fossil Fuel Subsidies
…from the domestic sale of imported energy at subsidised prices, or implicit. Many economies rely extensively on domestically produced fuels but import the remainder. In such cases, subsidy estimates represent a combination of opportunity costs and direct expenditures.Estimates using the price gap approach capture only interventions that result in final prices for end users below what would prevail in a competitive market. They do not, for example, capture subsidised research and development, or subsidies for fossil fuel production. These estimates therefore understate total fossil fuel subsidies, as well as their impact on economic efficiency and trade. Despite these limitations…
