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World Energy Employment 2025 Executive summary
…4 million energy workers have been added – about 2.4% of all new jobs globally. In some countries, its contribution is far larger, reaching one in five new jobs in China and one in ten in the United States since 2022. The pace of the expansion in recent years marked a step change from pre-pandemic trends, when the energy sector added less than a third as many jobs annually than during the years between 2019 and 2024. The electricity sector is now the largest energy employer, surpassing fuel supply for the first time, as the Age of Electricity gathers pace…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Oil
…8% – well below the average annual growth rate prior to the Covid-19 pandemic. Most of this growth was recorded in 1Q24, owing to the residual impact of lockdowns in 1Q23. The slowdown was driven by a mix of factors, including the very rapid deployment of electric vehicles, growth in natural gas-powered trucks, the huge expansion of high-speed rail, and the ongoing downturn in the property sector. In 2023, oil demand had also been boosted by a major year-on-year oil price decline, with benchmark Brent crude prices falling by 18% compared with 2022 (and product prices…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Electricity 2026 Executive summary
Electricity demand is set to grow strongly through 2030 as the Age of Electricity takes hold Global electricity demand is forecast to increase at a brisk average annual rate of 3.6% over the 2026-2030 forecast period, supported by rising consumption from industry, electric vehicles, air conditioning and data centres. Worldwide electricity demand grew by 3% year-on-year in 2025. This followed growth of 4.4% in 2024, when intense heat waves and strong industrial activity in many regions boosted electricity use. Looking ahead, annual demand growth over the next five years is set to be 50% higher…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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World Energy Investment 2025 United States
Energy investment policies in the United States reflect its prioritisation of energy security Energy investment in the United States reflects its prioritisation of energy security, with a subsequent strategic push to establish a presence in emerging value chains and to supply international markets. Since becoming a net energy exporter in 2019, a remarkable turnaround from its high previous reliance on imports, the country has continued to expand its global energy role. In 2024 it was the world’s largest producer of oil and gas (20% of global output), as well as a major investor (25% of total investment). This growth…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Coal
…grew modestly above 2024 levels, rising by only 0.4%, an increase of around 30 million tonnes (or 0.7 EJ). This growth, which was in line with IEA estimates, was significantly below the 1.4% increase seen in 2024 and marked the end of the post-Covid rebound, with global coal demand growth slowing each year since 2021.Coal use in power generation diverged from recent trends in several regions around the world. In the United States, strong coal use in the power sector supported a 10% rise in demand, reversing the trend of declines in recent years. Meanwhile…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency for Business Operational benefits
…by a textile manufacturer in Scotland, can replace about 14 conventional looms, cutting energy costs by about 90% and enabling higher output with lower space requirements. Similarly, at a food and consumer goods manufacturing facility in Brazil, energy efficiency improvements – such as reducing waste and better aligning production processes – have increased capacity by 20% while lowering energy use.Evidence from a study of more than 1 000 energy efficiency measures in SMEs in the United States confirms these findings. On average, each dollar in energy savings is associated with an additional 13 cents in productivity gains, with some categories reaching up…
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Sodium-ion battery momentum grows, but challenges remain
…a time of rising global demand for electric vehicles and energy storage. Developed in laboratories since the early 1980s, sodium-ion batteries operate on the same fundamental principles as lithium‑ion batteries – which currently dominate the market – yet their path to commercialisation has been markedly slower.While lithium-ion batteries entered commercial use in the 1990s – with the first electric vehicles appearing in Japan in 1996 – sodium-ion batteries reached vehicle applications much later, with the first sodium-ion powered electric car introduced in China only in late 2023. The first battery storage system using sodium-ion batteries was installed a…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
Electricity demand growth surged in 2024 Global electricity demand increased by 4.3% in 2024, a step change from the 2.5% growth seen in 2023. The average pace of electricity demand growth from 2010 to 2023 was 2.7%, double the rate of total energy demand growth over the same period. Electrification picked up across sectors, raising electricity demand in most major economies in 2024. China accounted for the largest share of electricity consumption growth, but increases were seen globallyAlmost all regions saw an acceleration in the rate of electricity consumption growth in 2024 compared with the annual average…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 3 pages
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Energy and AI AI for energy optimisation and innovation
…of considering the full theoretical potential of AI-led interventions, as it factors in certain insurmountable structural issues that would block their complete adoption. For example, we consider variations in adoption by region by factoring in the availability of enabling digital infrastructure. AI applications for optimising energy systems Oil and gas companies have been among the earliest adopters of new technologies to boost exploration and production. In 2000, 11 supercomputers operated by oil and gas companies ranked among the world’s 500 fastest. By 2024, this number had increased to 24, and total computing capacity has grown at almost 70…
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Iceland
In 2007, the Icelandic government released a Climate Change Strategy conceived as a framework for action and government involvement in climate change issues, and setting forth a long-term goal of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by 50 to 75% of 1990 levels by 2050.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Iceland Flag]()
