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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Assessing the sustainable potential and cost of feedstocks for biogas and biomethane
…types of feedstocks for biogases. They can be broadly grouped together as crop residues, animal manure, biowaste and woody biomass. We assess feedstocks that can be processed without direct competition with food for agricultural land or animal feed, and that do not have any other adverse sustainability impacts. Biogas and methane yields are key indicators of how suitable a feedstock is for energy production. Biogas yield refers to the total volume of gas produced from a feedstock through anaerobic digestion, primarily methane (CH₄) and CO₂. Methane yield, by contrast, accounts only for the methane portion, which is the component usable…
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Brendan Reidenbach
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Shane McDonagh
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst –Transport.
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Outlook for Biogas and Biomethane Introduction to biogas and biomethane
…membrane separation or pressure swing adsorption. Biomethane can also be produced through gasification of solid biomass followed by methanation, although this is far less common. Consumption of biogases is increasing. However, biogases are still a relatively small part of the global energy mix – representing around 3% of total modern bioenergy production. Biomethane use has increased at a rate of 20% annually over the past 5 years, although from a low base (it is currently around 1% of natural gas demand). Most markets rely on public incentives to provide support and certainty to biogas and biomethane producers. These include: production targets…
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Giulia D’Angiolini
Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Laura Cozzi
Director, Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks. Laura Cozzi was appointed the International Energy Agency’s Director of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks in 2023. She leads and co-ordinates the IEA’s work on energy sustainability, encompassing energy technology policy and climate change. She is also the Agency’s Chief Energy Modeller, and in this capacity co-leads the World Energy Outlook, the IEA’s flagship publication series.Ms Cozzi joined the IEA in 1999 as a junior analyst in the World Energy Outlook team. She has co-led many editions of the Outlook and led multiple special reports. Prior to joining the IEA, Ms Cozzi worked for the Italian energy company ENI S.p.A. She holds a Master’s degree in Environmental Engineering from the Polytechnic University of Milan and a Master’s degree in Energy and Environmental Economics from Eni Corporate University.Ms Cozzi was awarded an Order of Merit of the Italia...
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices
…and extreme volatility of 2022, global thermal coal markets entered a phase of significant correction in 2023. This shift was driven by a combination of expanding supply, softening natural gas prices, reduced concerns over energy security, and the realignment of trade flows in response to sanctions on Russian coal exports. The ARA and Newcastle FOB price benchmarks began to decline from late 2022, reflecting a broader rebalancing of market fundamentals.In 2023 and 2024, thermal coal prices peaked at European ports, reaching approximately USD 152 per tonne. Australian ports followed with peak prices around USD 121 per tonne. The average price for…
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2024 Energy efficiency call for project
The Swiss government allocated funding to energy efficiency -related projects implemented by companies or households.
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Clara Camarasa
Former Energy Efficiency Policy Analyst.
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Debt financing by the Export-Import Bank of the United States
The Export-Import Bank of the United States (EXIM) provides international financing support through a wide range of products: Short-term working capital, Export credit insurance, Medium-term insurance, Medium- to long-term loan guarantees, Project and structured finance and Long-term direct loans. The bank is committed to promoting environmentally beneficial exports, including financing U.S. exports of renewable energy and nuclear equipment and energy efficiency technologies.
In 2024, the EXIM indicated its willingness to provide USD 104 million in debt financing for delivery of a first 20 MW nuclear microreactor for use in the United Kingdom.