-
Nicaragua
The National Energy Policy of Nicaragua establishes a policy framework for the development and exploitation of renewable sources. The law sets the objective of prioritizing the use of renewable energy in the national energy mix and of stabilizing energy prices using renewables.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
-
+ 5 pages
![Nicaragua Flag]()
-
Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Executive summary
…refining. However, assets have since been damaged or occupied and demand has plunged by almost 80%. Steel output, which represents a potential new application for hydrogen, has dropped by almost two-thirds.Massive capital mobilisation is needed for reconstruction, but there is also a lot of bilateral support flowing to Ukraine. The cost of reconstruction was estimated to have reached USD 524 billion by December 2024. Transport infrastructure is estimated to require nearly USD 78 billion, industry and commerce another USD 64 billion, and core energy assets USD 68 billion. At the same time, by December 2024, nearly USD 430 billion of bilateral support had been committed for Ukraine, two…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Cost acceptability
…high energy prices, like the European Union, have the highest maximum acceptable hydrogen costs. Steel has high specific emissions and a low share of energy costs, making it the sector most affected by carbon pricing.In the absence of policy support, the maximum acceptable hydrogen cost is below USD 2/kg for most combinations of sectors and regions. For steel production, the hydrogen cost must be negative (i.e. would require incentives) to reach parity with the incumbent route.Carbon pricing can increase the maximum acceptable hydrogen cost across regions and sectors with high impact on demand. Quotas can create demand…
-
An Energy Sector Roadmap to Net Zero Emissions in Colombia Executive summary
…18% of Colombia’s final consumption in 2024. Hydropower represented around two-thirds of the country’s electricity generation over the past decade, although the annual share fluctuated by as much as 10 percentage points as weather patterns caused by El Niño and La Niña cycles affect rainfall and temperature, impacting reservoir levels. Greenhouse gas emissions have grown; Colombia has pledged to achieve net zero emissions Economic and population growth have resulted in Colombia’s total energy demand almost doubling between 2000 and 2024. As three-quarters of this growth has been supplied by fossil fuels, energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions…
-
Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Unlocking the opportunity - A roadmap for action
…replication and simplification to support large-scale deployment. Each stage will require action across four pillars: physical assets, regulation, financing and cross-cutting aspects.Physical assets cover supply, infrastructure, demand and the supply chain. Priorities include developing “lighthouse” projects and hubs to demonstrate the integration of various technologies, facilitating offtake for projects through policy or financial support and matchmaking platforms, leveraging existing gas infrastructure and de-risking the supply chain. This requires a progressive approach to deployment that reflects the interconnected nature of the assets.For regulation, providing clarity on legislation that will be applicable to hydrogen is a priority…
-
Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Policy response to the crisis
As markets reeled from the drastic reduction in Russian pipeline gas supply to Europe and as global trade and demand patterns shifted, governments did not remain idle. Faced with the spectre of supply shortages, worsening current accounts, and inflation pressure linked to energy imports and rising energy prices for citizens and businesses alike, governments across the main LNG-importing regions rapidly implemented policy and market measures in response to the crisis. Europe The European Union and its member states adopted a number of measures to enhance security of supply and market resilience ahead of the 2022/23 heating season. However…
-
Global Methane Tracker 2025 Key findings
Energy-related methane emissions have still not reached a definitive peak The fossil fuel sector is responsible for nearly one-third of methane emissions from human activity today. Record production of oil, gas and coal, combined with limited mitigation efforts, has kept emissions above 120 million tonnes (Mt) annually. Abandoned wells and mines – included in this year’s Global Methane Tracker for the first time – contributed around 8 Mt to these emissions in 2024. Bioenergy production and consumption results in a further 20 Mt of methane, largely from the incomplete combustion of traditional biomass used in cooking and heating in developing economies…
-
Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Taking stock of the effect of war
…for reconstruction. Public debt reached nearly 100% of GDP at the end of 2024, with 80% in foreign currency. Ukraine is expected to have a fiscal deficit until at least 2033, and external finance will be needed. Foreign grants and development finance may be a source of public support for hydrogen projects, but will face competing needs for restoration elsewhere in the energy system. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has had a profound impact on the country. This chapter takes stock of the effects related to hydrogen, including demand for existing applications like ammonia and refining, as well…
-
Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Progress summary dashboard
Production Electrolysers Policies Investment
-
Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Sustainable transport in Armenia
…2024, gross domestic product (GDP) stood at USD 25.8 billion.Armenia became a member of the European Union’s Eastern Partnership in 2009 and has been an observer to the EU Energy Community since 2011. Armenia joined the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) in January 2015 alongside Belarus, Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation (hereafter “Russia”) (Kyrgyzstan followed in August), and in March 2021, Armenia and the European Union signed a Comprehensive and Enhanced Partnership Agreement (CEPA), which established framework for political, economic and trade co-operation. Introduction to the Armenian energy and transport systems In 2023, Armenia’s total energy…
