• Country

        Egypt

        Egypt has initiated a number of energy sector reforms, gradually reducing electricity subsidies and introducing feed-in tariffs to promote renewable energy production. The energy sector reforms recently initiated by the country have resulted in a significant increase in investments which have boosted electricity production over the last 5 years and ensured a stable supply across the country.
        Egypt also has plans to increase the share of renewables in the electricity mix to 42% by 2035.

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        • Country

        United Kingdom

        …2050 and to put in place carbon budgets. UK emissions have already fallen by around 50% since 1990, indicating a strong start. Looking ahead, an important pillar of the energy transition will be decarbonising the power sector through sizeable new investments in renewables and nuclear while also focusing on new technologies such as CCUS, hydrogen and small modular reactors. As a historic oil and gas producer, the UK is looking to address declining North Sea production and redirect the region's capacity to clean technologies. The strategies align with UK industrial policies to create new jobs and build manufacturing expertise.

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        • Country

        Poland

        Poland’s energy system has seen progress on energy transition, despite its reliance on domestic hard coal and lignite. For example, Poland has one of the fastest growing solar PV markets in the European Union and has also seen a strong uptake of heat pumps. Poland is pushing to become a major player in offshore wind, aiming for at least 3.4 GW of capacity by 2030. However, stronger efforts are needed across all sectors to accelerate energy transition and Poland would benefit from greater electricity interconnections with the rest of Europe.

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        • Country

        Iran

        Iran has in place legislation obliging the Minister of Energy to increase the share of renewables and clean power plants to at least 5% of the country's capacity until the end of 2021.

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        • Country

        Armenia

        Imports of oil and gas cover 77% of Armenia’s energy needs. Current energy policy is focused on developing indigenous energy sources, mainly renewable, and on replacing the country’s main nuclear reactor. Energy Efficiency policy has also become a bigger priority as energy security and reliability remain key focus areas. Armenia is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.

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        • Country

        South Sudan

        South Sudan is one of Eastern Africa's major oil resource holders but exported more than 85% of its production in 2014. Only 1% of the population had access to electricity in the country in 2017.

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        • Sector

        Electricity

        …the regulation of plant emissions can encourage coal-to-gas switching and provide an important long-term investment signal for low-emission technologies.  
        Shift policy to competitive auctions
        Auctions for the centralised competitive procurement of renewables have become increasingly widespread in recent years and have been instrumental in discovering renewable energy prices and containing policy costs in many countries, especially for solar PV and wind. The success of such policies in achieving deployment and development objectives relies on their design and consequent ability to attract investment and competition. 
        Adapt market designs and policies to support variable renewables and increase…

        • Country

        Moldova

        Moldova is almost fully dependent on fossil fuel and electricity imports, with natural gas serving most of its energy needs. The government plans to diversify the energy mix with renewables such as wind and solar. Moldova is part of the EU4Energy Programme, which focuses on improving evidence-based policy making for the energy sector.

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        • Country

        Rwanda

        Rwanda included strong commitments to its intended nationally determined contribution (INDC) to the Paris Agreement. The country plans to increase its carbon sink capacity through sustainable forest management practices and to reduce emissions from the agricultural sector. In 2019, Rwanda’s energy mix was dominated by biomass and waste (74%) and oil products (20%), while natural gas, coal and hydro account for the rest of the energy supply. In 2020, less than 5% of the population had access to clean cooking and 50% had access to electricity. With annual access growth of more than 3 percentage points, Rwanda has shown…

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        • Sector

        Low-Emissions Fuels

        …of both biofuels and hydrogen, while avoiding potentially harmful environmental, economic and social impacts. The development of international markets and trade in these fuels will also depend on internationally agreed methods and certification processes to guarantee the sustainability of traded fuels. 
        Create support programmes for the use of low-emissions fuels
        With the use of low-emissions fuels still in most cases being more expensive than unabated fossil fuels, policy measures will be needed to close this cost gap and support the use of low-emissions fuels. Policy instruments can include penalties for unabated fossil fuels, such as CO2 prices…

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