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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emission fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emissions fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
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The Implications of Oil and Gas Field Decline Rates Executive summary
…is misplaced and a thorough understanding of the rate at which production from existing oil and gas fields declines over time is more important than ever. The International Energy Agency (IEA) has long examined this issue. Decline rates – the annual rate at which production declines from an existing oil or gas field – underpin our analysis of market balances and investment needs across all outlook scenarios.Nearly 90% of annual upstream oil and gas investment since 2019 has been dedicated to offsetting production declines rather than to meet demand growth. Investment in 2025 is set to be around USD 570 billion…
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Breakthrough Agenda Report 2025 Building
…providing an opportunity to embed energy and material efficiency, circularity, low-emissions and climate resilience practices across the building life cycle for decades. They can serve to improve design, construction and management quality across the sector, if they are supported by compliance and enforcement mechanisms.As such, codes, standards and other types of regulations support the deployment of compliant equipment and materials at scale.Building codes aligned with the definitions and principles for near-zero emissions and resilient buildings (NZERBs) improve international comparability, helping guide investment, drive demand and facilitate global knowledge-sharing.As global built floor area is expected…
- Executive summary
- Power
- Hydrogen
- Road transport
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+ 4 pages
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Panama
Panama's National Energy Plan 2015–2050 outlines long-term strategy for the country’s energy sector development, including renewables. The Plan established that 15% of Panama’s generation capacity will come from renewables by 2030 and 50% by 2050.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Sweden
Sweden is a global leader in decarbonisation and has targets to cut greenhouse gas emissions 59% by 2030 compared with 2005, and to have a net-zero carbon economy by 2045. Sweden was the first country to introduce carbon pricing and has the highest carbon price in the world, which has proven effective at driving decarbonisation. Most of Sweden’s electricity supply comes from hydro and nuclear, along with a growing contribution from wind. Heating is supplied mainly through bioenergy-based district heating and heat pumps.
Most of Sweden’s greenhouse gas emissions come from the transport sector, which remains…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Electricity Market Design Executive summary
…Electricity is central to modern economies, and its role is expanding as consumption patterns shift, digitalisation accelerates, energy systems decentralise, and variable resources grow. Across major regions, these trends are increasing the complexity of real-time operations and reshaping investment dynamics. Short-term and seasonal flexibility needs are projected to grow faster than demand over the next decade, while electrification in many sectors is strengthening the dependence of households, businesses and industry on the reliable performance of electricity systems. These developments reinforce the importance of market arrangements that ensure efficient resource co-ordination while supporting stable long-term investment.Recent…
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Cuba
Cuba’s energy supply mainly comes from oil products, accounting for over 80% of power generation.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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France
…fleet, the second-largest after the United States. As an early leader in setting out an ambitious energy transition, France legislated a net zero emissions target for 2050 in its 2019 Energy and Climate Act and aims at reducing by 55% its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. A national low-carbon strategy with 5-year carbon budgets and a multiannual plan for energy investments implement the long-term target.
Acknowledging the need to maintain electricity security in the longer term and a low-carbon footprint France invests in efficiency, six new nuclear power plants and renewable energy, notably offshore wind…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Key findings
…to modern energy is rising for the first time in a decade. Around 75 million people who recently gained access to electricity are likely to lose the ability to pay for it, and 100 million people may revert to the use of traditional biomass for cooking.There remain huge uncertainties over how this energy crisis will evolve and for how long fossil fuel prices will remain elevated, and the risks of further energy disruption and geopolitical fragmentation are high. In all our scenarios, price pressures and a dim near-term outlook for the global economy feed through into lower energy demand than…
