IEA
      • About
      • News
      • Events
      • Programmes
      • Help centre
      IEASkip navigation
          • Energy system Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector
            Oil and natural gas supply

            Fossil Fuels

            Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant

            Renewables and Low-Emissions Fuels

            Transport

            Transport

            Tracking industry

            Industry

            Tracking buildings

            Buildings

            Explore all
          • Topics Chevron down
            Understand the biggest energy challenges
            Iran tmo 2008052 lrg, NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response team

            The Middle East and Global Energy Markets

            Electricity security report cover

            Energy Security

            Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390

            Artificial Intelligence

            Critical Mineral Topic Page Header Image

            Critical Minerals

            Access and Affordability

            Pexels Googledeepmind 17485658

            Energy Innovation

            Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground

            Investment

            Climate Change

            Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash

            Energy and Gender

            Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine

            Russia's War on Ukraine

            • Investment
            • Climate Change
            • Energy and Gender
            • Russia's War on Ukraine
            • Energy and Water
            • Fossil Fuel Subsidies
            • Net Zero Emissions
            • Saving Energy
            • COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
            All topics
          • Countries Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by country or region
            Member countries
            • Australia
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Canada
            • Czechia
            • Denmark
            • Estonia
            • Finland
            • France
            • Germany
            • Greece
            • Hungary
            • Ireland
            • Italy
            • Japan
            • Korea
            • Latvia
            • Lithuania
            • Luxembourg
            • Mexico
            • New Zealand
            • Norway
            • Poland
            • Portugal
            • Slovak Republic
            • Spain
            • Sweden
            • Switzerland
            • The Netherlands
            • Türkiye
            • United Kingdom
            • United States
            Accession countries
            • Brazil
            • Chile
            • Colombia
            • Costa Rica
            • Israel
            • Romania
            Association countries
            • Argentina
            • China
            • Egypt
            • India
            • Indonesia
            • Kenya
            • Morocco
            • Nigeria
            • Senegal
            • Singapore
            • South Africa
            • Thailand
            • Ukraine
            • Viet Nam
            All Countries and Regions
          • DataChevron down
            Use, download and buy global energy data

            Data explorers

            Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers

            Data explorers

            Data sets

            Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download

            Data sets

            Policies database

            Past, existing or planned government policies and measures

            Policies database

            Chart Library

            Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis

            Chart
            Explore data
          • Reports Chevron down
            Read the latest analysis from the IEA
            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

              Fuel report — 17 June 2026

              Oil Market Report - June
            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

              Measures to reduce impacts on households and businesses

              Fuel report — 20 March 2026

              Photo depicts Aerial view of heavy traffic on a motorway in Perth, Australia, with a train running along the parallel railway line, several lanes congested with vehicles
            • GettyImages 2157213934

              World Energy Outlook 2025

              Read more

              Flagship report — 12 November 2025

            • The photo depicts a 3d rendered particle trail background. Magic sparkle trail effect. Shimmering waves with light effect isolated on black background. Lines swirl effect. Abstract motion.

              Energy Technology Perspectives 2026

              Read more

              Flagship report — 26 March 2026

            All reports
          • Search
          • Bag
            1
          • User Profile

          Sign In

          You are connecting via IP recognition from
          .

          If you wish to proceed, click on Connect.
          If you prefer to log into your personal account, please sign in below.

          ConnectConnect
          OR
          Error
          Eye
          Error
          Create an account

          Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.

          Join for freeJoin for free
              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
              Authors Countries Energy system Newsletters Policies Programmes Sectors Topics
                • Fuel report

                • Nov 2025

                Electricity Market Design

                Building on strengths, addressing gaps Electricity markets play a central role in balancing supply and demand, guiding operational decisions and shaping investment outcomes. As systems change with higher shares of variable generation, greater decentralisation and evolving patterns of electricity use, the ability of market designs to deliver secure and affordable electricity has never been more critical. If market arrangements do not keep pace with these developments, the functioning of electricity systems could become more uncertain and more costly.This report provides a cross-regional assessment of how wholesale electricity markets and their complementary policy mechanisms are performing today. We find…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                Shutterstock 1894931218 Stock market prices displayed with city lights reflecting off the glass
                • Technology report

                • Jun 2026

                Renewables in District Energy Regional trends in district heatingRegional trends in district heating

                Regional trends in district heating

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Regional trends in district heatingRegional trends in district heating
                Photo showing insulated district heating pipes covered in snow and stacked on an urban construction site shutterstock 2717548235
                • Newsletter

                • Mar 2026

                The energy implications of events in the Middle East

                …discussions in Brussels; copper supply chains facing pressures; our latest podcast episode with Singapore and Morocco's energy ministers; and more ...
                Newsletter of the International Energy Agency
                Click here [Weblink] to view in your browser
                Welcome back to the Energy Mix. In today's edition: Monitoring market developments amid events in the Middle East; an extraordinary meeting of IEA governments to review the situation; discussing energy issues with EU leaders in Brussels; rising pressures in a key part of the copper industry; our latest podcast episode with Singapore and Morocco's energy ministers; and more.
                Were you forwarded this newsletter? You…

                • Energy system

                Biofuels

                Country and regional highlights
                The United States Inflation Reduction Act makes USD 9.4 billion available for biofuels
                Energy
                Biofuel demand increased by 6% in 2022, continuing the recent pace of growth
                Technology deployment
                Biofuel production technology needs to diversify to sustainably take advantage of existing waste and residue feedstocks
                Innovation
                Technologies that can convert woody feedstocks into biofuels need to be proven at scale in the next few years
                Supporting infrastructure
                Policy
                Investment

                Bioenergy
                • Technology report

                • May 2026

                Autonomous vehicles

                GEVO 2026 - Chapter 8 Progress in AI and computing power is disproportionately benefiting EVs, particularly for automated driving and integrated vehicle control. Sensors and chips integrate well with the stable, high-voltage power supply of EV batteries. Electric vehicles lead in automation and advanced driver assistance Driving automation is at the forefront of software developments for cars today. While fully autonomous cars (Level 5 automation)) are not currently in sight, electric driverless taxis (Level 4) are already operating commercially in more than 20 cities worldwide. Moreover, automated driving systems are not limited to self-driving cars – they are also rapidly gaining…

                • Country report

                • May 2026

                Austria 2026 Executive summaryExecutive summary

                Austria has one of the most ambitious climate and energy targets in the world; achieving them requires actionable delivery strategies and adequate funding. The country’s commitments to climate neutrality by 2040 – a full decade ahead of the European Union (EU) – and a 100% renewable share in the national annual electricity balance by 2030 are bold. These goals are underpinned by a large hydropower fleet (accounting for around 60% of electricity generation), including 5.6 gigawatts (GW) of pumped hydro storage and a nationwide smart meter roll-out. Austria has the highest share of renewable energy in electricity consumption in the…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • InfographicInfographic
                Photo depicting an aerial view of Vienna cityscape and Danube river shutterstock 2384780689
                • Technology report

                • Nov 2025

                What Next for the Global Car Industry Global car industry manufacturing clustersGlobal car industry manufacturing clusters

                Regions with strong car industries tend to operate as clusters in which supplier factories are located alongside those of parts manufacturers and material producers. This is because close co-ordination between automakers and a wide network of specialised suppliers is essential to keep costs low. Such production ecosystems also facilitate the rapid exchange of complex, often tacit, knowledge, especially during vehicle development phases where design, engineering and manufacturing decisions must be tightly aligned.   This interactive map shows global data on car assembly location, as well as more detailed regional automotive clusters. 

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • The global car industry in contextThe global car industry in context
                • The importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industryThe importance of the growth in EV sales for the car industry
                • Present and future prospects of electric car manufacturingPresent and future prospects of electric car manufacturing
                • + 4 pages

                What Next for the Global Car Industry shutterstock 1253361706
                • Energy system

                Electrolysers

                Country and regional highlights
                Progress is spread across different continents, from China, which leads on installed capacity, to the European Union, which have adopted important policies, and other regions like India and the Middle East moving forward with a small number of large-scale projects
                Technology deployment
                Global installed electrolyser capacity reached 1.4 GW at the end of 2023, almost double the one at the end of 2022
                Technology manufacturing
                Innovation
                Policy
                Investment
                Acknowledgements

                Shutterstock 1904183506
                • Flagship report

                • Jul 2025

                Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Implications and policy considerationsImplications and policy considerations

                A new recipe for success? Progress on clean cooking requires efforts from a wide range of stakeholders. These include efforts to enhance countries’ policy frameworks, address consumer affordability and other barriers to adoption,  cultivate a skilled workforce and mobilise additional financing to the sector – themes discussed in this chapter.Access to low-cost debt will be key for companies to grow their customer base quickly. In the ACCESS, the share of debt financing in the sector increases from 35% today to over 50%. This depends on more financiers being able to assess and appropriately price risk clean cooking companies and…

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • Clean cooking: State of play and recent progressClean cooking: State of play and recent progress
                • Outlook for clean cooking in AfricaOutlook for clean cooking in Africa
                • Clean cooking infrastructureClean cooking infrastructure
                • + 1 pages

                 X7a8819 Universal Access To Clean Cooking In Africa
                • Country report

                • May 2026

                Portugal 2026 InfographicInfographic

                Infographic

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • InfographicInfographic
                • Policy recommendations for PortugalPolicy recommendations for Portugal
                Photo depicting aerial view of the center of Porto and the Dom Luis bridge shutterstock 2478638959
              Previous page Prev
              Next Next page

              Newsletters

              The best of the IEA sent straight to your inbox

              Subscribe to newsletters

              Podcasts

              Top energy experts put IEA analysis in context

              Listen to our podcast
              • Understand energy
              • Reports
              • News and commentaries
              • Events
              • Energy system
              • Topics
              • Countries and regions
              • Glossary
              • Explore data
              • Data explorers
              • Data sets
              • Policies database
              • Chart library
              • Energy Statistics Browser
              • IEA essentials
              • About
              • Mission
              • Membership
              • Structure
              • Programmes
              • International collaborations
              • Technology collaboration
              • Training
              • Connect
              • Contact
              • Press
              • Careers
              • Internships
              • Delegates
              • Help centre
              IEA
              © 2026 IEA
              • Terms
              • Privacy
              • youtube
              • linkedin
              • bluesky
              • facebook
              • instagram
              • x (formally twitter)
              Back to top

              Subscription successful

              Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.