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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions Key findings from workshops on challenges and opportunities for tracking progress on just and inclusive energy transitions
…aspirations, opportunities and the impacts of policies on daily life, including unanticipated consequences. Elevating the role of qualitative evidence with real voices on the ground can also successfully support adjustments and course corrections in the policy implementation process. Tracking data at different points in time is important to effectively measure and evaluate just transition outcomes. The social impacts of clean energy transitions (e.g. improvements in health or reductions in socio-economic inequalities) can take longer to be observed than technical indicators like CO₂ emissions. Indicators are therefore essential at different time scales, including medium-term indicators that bridge the…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Cost acceptability
…markets for low-emissions hydrogen. Cost acceptability can be influenced by policies and depends on technologies, fuels and cost structure.The factors with the most influence on the maximum acceptable hydrogen cost are energy and carbon prices. Applications where energy has a larger weight in total product cost, like refining and ammonia, in regions with high energy prices, like the European Union, have the highest maximum acceptable hydrogen costs. Steel has high specific emissions and a low share of energy costs, making it the sector most affected by carbon pricing.In the absence of policy support, the maximum acceptable hydrogen…
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Policy options to accelerate distributed solar PV in Ukraine Distributed solar PV in Ukraine
…leader in renewables deployment in 2024. According to various sources, including the Ukrainian Ministry of Energy, around 300 MW (and up to 900 MW, depending on the source) of new solar PV was installed in 2024, including behind-the-meter installations, while 20 MW of new onshore wind power came online. Thus, reaching the required 24 GW of new distributed solar PV for a distributed energy system by 2030 implies that the total installed capacity more than quadruples from the estimated capacity of around 7 GW in 2024. As Russia continues to strategically target Ukrainian energy infrastructure ahead of the…
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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
…to close cost gaps and ensure competitiveness. These actions cover five key areas: ensuring sufficient demand and capital to unlock economies of scale and “learning-by-doing”; scaling up battery manufacturing and the skills to support it; selecting the most competitive battery chemistries and innovating the next generations; securing dependable critical minerals supplies; and minimising energy costs for manufacturers.Each country and region has its own strengths and priorities, and national circumstances vary. But there are five main archetypes that can help explain how differences can inform distinct strategies: regaining ground internationally (e.g. European Union, United Kingdom); sharpening EV advantages (e…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
…scale terminal for liquefied hydrogen imports.Pipelines are often the lowest-cost option for pure hydrogen transport where suitable routes are available and high utilisation rates can be achieved, while shipping can provide sourcing flexibility and use certain existing port infrastructure. However, where pure hydrogen is required at the point of use, shipping implies minimum costs of around USD 2/kg H₂ and energy use above 10 kWh/kg H₂, equivalent to over 30% of hydrogen’s energy content, due to intensive liquefaction or reconversion steps, such as ammonia cracking. Bilateral trade flows of low-emissions hydrogen by carrier, excluding projects at earlier stages…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance Sectoral insights
…unlock high-impact projects that lower emissions and avoid or mitigate other impacts, guided by practical KPIs.Natural gas: Natural gas is set to remain a part of the global energy mix for many decades but the applicability of transition finance to gas varies by country and sector and over time. Priority should be placed on front-loading methane abatement, reducing emissions from liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefaction providing infrastructure for low-emissions gases and helping, alongside other technology options, plants to provide flexibility for electricity systems, under transparent, time-bound plans that align with national energy and climate strategies.
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Energy System Resilience Executive summary
…households have endured severe blackouts, with some areas – including the capital, Kyiv – losing access to power for 17 hours or more on a daily basis. As of mid-January, Ukraine's electricity demand reached 18 gigawatts (GW), while the power system's capacity stood at roughly only 11 GW – a 7 GW deficit that has forced rolling blackouts, threatened heating and water systems during severe sub-zero conditions, and endangered essential services. In response to these extreme challenges, Ukraine has showed extraordinary determination to pursue a new architecture of energy resilience through decentralised electricity and heat generation, complemented by mobile...
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Summary of results
…The Turning Pledges into Progress framework contains a total of 25 metrics in three categories: 1) target setting (“Targets”), 2) strategies for implementation (“Strategies”), and 3) disclosure and reporting (“Disclosure”). Target setting comprises six metrics related to emissions reductions and investment in clean energy. All the signatories to the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC) are assumed to have the aim of achieving these targets. Strategies for implementation comprise eight metrics that describe steps companies can take to achieve these targets; and disclosure and reporting comprises 11 metrics allowing stakeholders to assess how companies publicly report information relevant to achieving the OGDC goals…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in electric car markets
…several major markets, and as the EU CO2 targets for cars remained the same between 2023 and 2024. Electric car sales continued to increase in the United States although growth was about one-quarter that of the previous year. Significantly, outside of these three major markets, there was a record increase in sales of nearly 40% to reach 1.3 million, closing in on the United States’ sales of 1.6 million electric cars. The rapid growth in electric car sales over the past 5 years has had a significant impact on the global car fleet: At the end of 2024, the electric car…
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Energy and AI Executive summary
…International Energy Agency (IEA) special report seeks to fill this gap with the most comprehensive, data-driven analysis on the topic to date. Based on a new global model and comprehensive dataset of data centre electricity demand, its analysis was also enriched by an in-depth process of consultation with policy makers, the tech sector, the energy industry and other experts. Data centres account for a small share of global electricity consumption today, but their local impacts are far more pronounced Global investment in data centres has nearly doubled since 2022 and amounted to half a trillion dollars in 2024…
