-
Energy and AI Energy demand from AI
…processing units (GPUs). On average they account for around 60% of electricity demand in modern data centres, although this varies greatly between data centre types. Storage systems are devices used for centralised data storage and backup, and account for around 5% of electricity consumption.Networking equipment include switches to connect devices within the data centre, routers to direct traffic and load balancers to optimise performance. Networking equipment accounts for up to 5% of electricity demand.Cooling and environmental control refers to equipment that regulates temperature and humidity to keep IT equipment operating at optimal conditions. The share of cooling systems…
-
Luxembourg 2026 Executive summary
…Heavy reliance on energy imports – covering all fossil fuels and nearly 80% of electricity demand – increases the vulnerability of the energy system. Addressing these challenges will require long-term, system-wide planning to guide investment across electricity, heating, hydrogen and digitalisation, alongside stronger communication and public engagement to boost uptake in clean energy choices. At the same time, Luxembourg’s small size and close integration with (neighbouring) European markets offer significant opportunities for regional co‑operation on cross-border electricity and hydrogen infrastructure.Luxembourg’s buildings sector trails other sectors in emissions reductions and would benefit from more targeted regulatory and…
-
World Energy Investment 2025 How we track investment in energy
Tracking energy investment The way investment is measured across the energy spectrum varies, largely because of differences in the availability of data and the nature of expenditures. This document highlights the methodology used to ensure that the estimates are consistent and comparable across sectors in the World Energy Investment 2025 (WEI 2025) report and other publications from the International Energy Agency.The IEA measures investment as the ongoing capital spending on assets. For some sectors, such as power generation, this investment is spread out evenly from the year in which a new plant or upgrade of an existing one takes…
-
Korea 2025 Executive summary
…Energy (MOTIE). MCEE is today responsible for climate, electricity, grid, and energy transition policies. MOTIE, now renamed the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Resources (MOTIR), continues to oversee resource industries such as oil, gas, coal, minerals, and nuclear exports.Electrification of buildings, transportation and industry combined with a growing demand for air conditioning and data centres is resulting in a shift toward an electrified economy. Substantial investments in new, diverse sources of electricity supply alongside reliable and resilient network infrastructure will be needed. A well-functioning wholesale market for power can provide efficient signals to invest. Given the structure of…
-
World Energy Investment 2026 How we track investment in energy
Tracking energy investment The way investment is measured across the energy spectrum varies, largely because of differences in the availability of data and the nature of expenditures. This document highlights the methodology used to ensure that the estimates are consistent and comparable across sectors in the World Energy Investment 2026 (WEI 2026) report and other publications from the International Energy Agency. The IEA measures investment as the ongoing capital spending on assets. For some sectors, such as power generation, this investment is spread out evenly from the year in which a new plant or upgrade of an existing one takes…
-
Global Energy Review 2025 Coal
…coal market trends is unparalleled by any country for any type of fuel, with China’s share of global coal consumption now standing at 58%.In 2024, electricity demand in China was very strong, rising by 7% (or over 550 TWh). Despite huge solar PV and wind capacity additions in recent years – as well as a recovery in hydropower output in the first half of the year due to higher rainfall, plus increases in nuclear, biomass and gas power generation – there was still a gap between the additional electricity demand and supply. Coal generation filled this gap, increasing by 1.2%…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 3 pages
-
Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap Executive summary
…with world-class solar and wind, mean that Chile is well placed to play a key part in multiple supply chains.Chile has already made significant strides in its energy transition. The share of low-emissions sources in total energy demand increased from 24% in 2010 to 38% in 2024, due in large part to coal power plant retirements and rapid deployment of solar PV and wind, which now provide over 34% of electricity generation. However, the economy continues to rely heavily on fossil fuels; Chile spent USD 14 billion on fossil fuel imports in 2024. A pathway towards long term energy…
-
World Energy Investment 2025 Middle East
The Middle East is rich in a wide range of energy resources, which it is looking to develop with a mix of foreign and domestic sources of investment The Middle East holds some of the lowest-cost oil and gas resources in the world, and in 2024 provided around 30% of global oil production and 17% of global natural gas production. Saudi Arabia’s upstream oil and gas investment is the highest in the region, and is set to reach about USD 40 billion in 2025, nearly 15% higher than in 2015. Overall, the Middle East is set to invest about USD 130 billion…
-
World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for gaseous fuels
Global demand for natural gas held up better than demand for other fossil fuels during the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic, and then increased by 5% in 2021, double its average growth rate over the past decade. A dearth of new projects, weather-related increases in demand, LNG outages and reduced Russian exports tightened the global gas supply balance from mid-2021 and put upward pressure on prices, especially in Europe where the Title Transfer Facility (TTF) benchmark rose from less than USD 10 per million British thermal units (MBtu) in the first-half of 2021 to over 30 USD…
-
Delivering Sustainable Fuels Executive summary
…fuels. Actual reductions depend on choices made across the supply chain. Measures include the adoption of sustainable farming practices, using carbon capture utilisation and storage (CCUS), switching to renewable energy for processing, or powering electrolysers with dedicated low-emissions electricity. By 2035, most existing and emerging fuel pathways could reach very low lifecycle greenhouse gas intensity (gCO2/MJ), and in some cases even deliver net carbon removal, provided that performance-based policies that drive continuous improvements are implemented.Liquid and gaseous renewable fuels already play a visible role in today’s global energy landscape. They are particularly relevant for transport…
