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Economic growth
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores economic growth. Why is energy efficiency important for economic growth? Energy efficiency allows countries to generate more economic activity using the same amount of energy. It is also linked to increased labour productivity and other economic benefits. Key facts Compared with 2000, today’s global economy produces 36% more GDP per unit of energy. Energy efficiency progress over the last 20 years means that close to an extra USD 50 trillion can today be produced using the same amount of energy. This energy efficiency bonus is equivalent to…
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Energy and Gender
It comprises a number of senior officials from IEA Member countries, facilitating the exchange of best practices on gender equality and inclusion and gender mainstreaming across the energy sector. Women are vital energy consumers, producers and decision-makers who make a crucial contribution to global energy security and energy transitions. Building a more secure, fair and equitable energy future hinges on their active participation.Recognising this, the IEA’s Member countries have asked the Agency to focus on key issues at the nexus of energy and gender, from improving gender data collection to expanding analysis of the gender dimensions of…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
Electricity accounts for about 20% of the world’s total final consumption of energy, but its share of energy services is higher due to its efficiency. It is central to many aspects of daily life and becomes more so as electricity spreads to new end-uses, such as electric vehicles (EVs) and heat pumps. The electricity sector accounted for 59% of all the coal used globally in 2021, together with 34% of natural gas, 4% of oil, 52% of all renewables and nearly 100% of nuclear power. It also accounted for over one-third of all energy-related CO2 emissions…
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Portugal 2026
Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Portugal and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…
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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Prices
In the last 12 months, all major coal price indices declined The global coal market has undergone a gradual normalisation since the peak of the 2022 energy crisis, when thermal coal prices soared above USD 400 per tonne across multiple benchmarks. This extraordinary price spike briefly saw thermal coal trading at a premium to coking coal.By 2023, as energy markets broadly recalibrated, coal prices began to ease. The traditional pricing hierarchy reasserted itself, with coking coal once again priced above thermal coal. This shift reflected a normalisation of market conditions, improving supply-demand balances. Notably, tight coking coal supply from…
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Powering Ireland’s Energy Future
Approaches for a secure, renewables-led electricity system to 2035 Ireland has emerged as a frontrunner in integrating wind power, which supplied around a third of its electricity in 2024. As this power system transformation continues, electricity is set to be the backbone for achieving Ireland’s climate, energy and socio-economic ambitions, making electricity security critical to realising progress in key areas including housing, digital infrastructure, transport and heat. Going forward, Ireland faces strategic choices on how to align its ambitions while ensuring secure electricity supply to 2035.This report assesses the outlook for Ireland’s energy security to…
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Tanzania
Electricity access in Tanzania increased from around 13% in 2008 to 32% in 2017. The government is supporting the private sector to develop its electricity market, enhancing the role of renewable energy in the energy mix and increasing rural electricity access.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Gas Market Report, Q2-2026 Executive summary
The Middle East conflict has disrupted gas market fundamentals and is changing the medium-term outlook The war in the Middle East is sending shockwaves through energy markets. The easing of fundamentals in international natural gas markets in early 2026 was abruptly disrupted by the de facto closure of the Strait of Hormuz at the beginning of March, which has created unprecedented uncertainty.The crisis has profoundly distorted short-term market fundamentals and is altering the medium-term outlook for natural gas. The loss, for the time being, of almost 20% of global LNG supply has caused strong price volatility, driving…
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Australia
Established under the 2022 Climate Change Act, Australia's climate goals include doubling emissions reductions by 2030 and reaching Net Zero emissions by 2050, while ensuring a just and inclusive energy transition through the guidance of the Net Zero Authority under the Prime Minister’s office. By 2030, the government aims to reach the clean electricity target of 82% of renewable energy. In addition to this target, Australia is implementing a new 2030 critical minerals strategy and gas market reforms to boost energy security during the transition. Flexibility, fuel availability and resilient infrastructure will become even more vital as Australia…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Lithuania
Lithuania has undergone several energy transitions over the past decade. Despite importing a large share of its electricity, the country successfully ended its reliance on Russian energy imports in March 2022. Along with its neighbours, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania disconnected from the Russian electricity system and completed the synchronisation of its grid with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) in February 2025. By 2030, Lithuania aims to shift from being an electricity importer to becoming a net exporter. Although the country’s energy consumption still depends heavily on imported fossil fuels, the share of bioenergy in the domestic energy supply…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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