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                • Policy

                • Spain

                • 2013

                Royal Decree Law 15/2012 on tax policy aimed at energy sustainability

                The Law imposes a 7 percent tax on electricity generation starting Jan 1, 2013. To be applied to all the electricity generators.An amendment to the Law, eliminates the right to be remunerated under the premium-based system for the sale of electricity attributable to the use of fuels at generation facilities that use any non-consumable renewable energy as a primary energy source, except in the case of hybrid facilities that use consumable and non-consumable renewable energy sources, in which case the use of consumable energy could qualify for the premium.

                • Policy

                • Oman

                • 2018

                Ministerial Decision Considering the Standard of Energy Efficiency Requirements for Air Conditioners an Obligatory Omani Standard

                …E) on energy efficiency requirements and the minimum energy efficiency limits of air conditioners, an obligatory Omani standard in coordination with the General Authority for Electricity and Water, Electricity Regulatory Authority, Public Authority for Consumer Protection, the Ministry of Regional Municipalities and Water Resources, Implementation and Follow-up Support Unit “Tanfeedh” and other related entities, institutions and companies in this field.

                 

                The standard is intended to contribute in the reduction of electricity consumption of the air conditioners types of split units (split) and (window) air conditioners, since air conditioners are one of the most electric power-consuming devices. Energy efficiency…

                • Policy

                • Mexico

                • 2018

                NOM-021-ENER/SCFI-2017: Energy efficiency and user safety requirements in room air conditioners. Limits, testing and labelling methods

                This standard establishes the minimum levels of energy efficiency for room air conditioners sold in the national market must meet. It also specifies the test method that must be used to verify compliance and defines the requirements that the label must include. 

                • Policy

                • People's Republic of China

                • 2022

                GB 21454-2021 standard on minimum allowable values of the energy efficiency and energy efficiency grades for multi-connected air-condition (heat pump) units

                The standard sets updated minimum energy performance standards for central air conditioning, with revised grades comparable to Japan or US standards.In January 2024, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) revised the MEPS, expanding their coverage and setting higher 'Energy Saving' and 'Advanced' levels of equipment across 43 products, 8 of which are cooling products. 

                • Policy

                • Poland

                • 2022

                National Recovery Plan / B. Green energy and energy efficiency / B1. Clean air and energy efficiency

                …Green energy and energy efficiency", the "Clean air and energy efficiency: Improving the energy efficiency of the economy" policy platform encompasses the following investments: -heat and cooling sources in district heating systems: support provided to installations using energy from renewable sources; gaseous fuels in cogeneration excluding coal fuels; heat pumps and geothermal sources, and technologies allowing replacing coal fuel in district heating ;  -replacement of heat sources and housing energy efficiency improvements to improve the energy efficiency  of single- and multi-household buildings and disseminating low-carbon energy sources;  -replacement of heat sources and energy-efficient schools retrofits; - energy…

                • Policy

                • Honduras

                • 2017

                NHN 47: 2011 - Energy Efficiency of Window Type, Split Type and Package Type Air Conditioners - Test Methods

                This Honduran Standard specifies the standard conditions on which the classifications of split-type or unit-type ductless air-conditioning systems using water-cooled or air-cooled condensers and heat pumps using air-cooled condensers are based, and the test methods to be applied in determining various classifications. This Honduran Standard is limited to systems that use a single refrigeration circuit and have an evaporator and a condenser.

                 

                This standard was ratified into law in 2017.

                • Policy

                • Nicaragua

                • 2012

                NTON 10 018-09: Mandatory Technical Standard for energy efficiency - Air Conditioners with cooling capacity up to 10548 W (36,000 BTU/H) - Labelling

                This regulation specifies the requirements for labelling of air conditioners, and sets that the classification must be based on standards:


                NTON 10 016 - 09
                NTON 10 017 - 09

                • Policy

                • Mexico

                • 2008

                NOM-021-ENER/SCFI-2008: Energy efficiency and user safety requirements in room air conditioners. Limits, testing and labeling methods

                This standard establishes the minimum levels of energy efficiency for room air conditioners sold in the national market must meet. It also specifies the test method that must be used to verify compliance and defines the requirements that the label must include.without reverse cycle, louvred - CC ‰¤ 1758: EER 2.84 - 1758 - 2343 - 4101 - 5859 - 8205 without reverse cycle, non-louvred - CC ‰¤ 1758: EER 2.64 - 1758 - 2343 - 4101 - 5859 - 8205 with reverse cycle, louvred - CC ‰¤ 5859 (5861 in 2007) : EER 2.64 - (5861 in 2007)5859 with reverse cycle, non-louvred - CC ‰¤ 4101 (4103 in…

                • Country report

                • Nov 2025

                Czechia 2025

                …was prepared in partnership between the Government of Czechia and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Czechia’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Czechia’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future. Translation

                • Executive summaryExecutive summary
                • InfographicInfographic
                Aerial view of Ceske Budejovice historic center and Old Town Square Czechia shutterstock 2339774535
                • Technology report

                • May 2026

                Vehicle-to-grid technology

                …EV batteries become flexible assets for energy storage rather than mere loads to the grid. There are varying degrees of flexibility. With unidirectional smart charging (V1G), the charging power can be modulated to align electricity demand with generation profiles or to alleviate grid congestion. With vehicle-to-building (V2H/V2B), the EV can additionally discharge energy for use in a home or building, either to serve as a backup during power outages or to lower electricity bills by leveraging dynamic tariffs and increasing self-consumption of rooftop solar. Finally, V2G technology can push energy from the EV battery into the…

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