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Copper
Outlook for key energy transition minerals This report provides an outlook for demand and supply for key energy minerals including copper, lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and rare earth elements. Demand projections encompass both key energy technologies and other uses under different IEA Scenarios. Supply projections are based on a detailed review of all announced projects. They show how today's geographical concentration evolves over time, for both mining and refining and how expected supply compares with primary supply requirements.
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap
As a part of the EU4Energy Programme, the Armenia Energy Policy Roadmap on Sustainable Transport presents a comprehensive, evidence-based framework for transforming the country’s mobility system into a sustainable and efficient transport system. The strategy seeks to deliver significant reductions in CO₂ emissions while strengthening regional connectivity, fostering economic development, and enhancing energy security. While Armenia has made notable progress in rolling out electric vehicles and electrifying its rail network, it still struggles with a high dependence on imported fossil fuels, a lack of data transparency and weak co-ordination among government agencies. This roadmap is structured to…
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Oil Market Report - May 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand growth is projected to slow from 990 kb/d in 1Q25 to 650 kb/d for the remainder of the year as economic headwinds and record EV sales curb use. Demand growth averages 740 kb/d in 2025 and 760 kb/d in…
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa
Access to electricity is a cornerstone for economic development, poverty reduction and social equity. However, almost 600 million people in Africa lack access to electricity today, with progress falling far behind targets set by both African governments and the international community. Reaching universal electricity access will require a rapid scale-up of investment and financing to USD 15 billion per year, enabling the expansion of generation capacity, grid networks and decentralised solutions while ensuring that progress remains inclusive and sustainable.In a new flagship report, Financing Electricity Access in Africa, the International Energy Agency (IEA) undertakes its authoritative energy analysis…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Trade and infrastructure
Trade remains a key driver of low-emissions hydrogen projects, and would underpin over 40% of announced volumes by 2030 if all projects materialise. Less than 8% of this, around 1 Mtpa H₂-eq (hydrogen equivalent), comes from projects that are operational, in construction, or have committed investments, compared with around 16% across the overall project pipeline.First shipments of low-emissions hydrogen are taking place, enabling trials of logistics and certification approaches. Long-term bilateral contracts dominate, particularly for ammonia and ammonia-derived fertilisers, while hot briquetted iron (HBI) is gaining prominence.Announced hydrogen pipeline projects, including new and repurposed natural…
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Solar PV
Solar PV continues to dominate global renewables growth, though at a slower rate
Recent policy changes are expected to affect the pace at which solar PV capacity is added annually through the end of this decade. Even so, low costs, faster permitting and broad social acceptance are set to continue to drive the accelerating adoption of solar PV. As a result, capacity is set to more than double between 2025 and 2030 compared with the 2019 to 2024 period.
A growing share of variable renewable sources such as solar also comes with challenges. Curtailment levels and instances of negative electricity…
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Material and Digital Traceability for the Certification of Critical Raw Materials
…project emphasises a strong stakeholder process involving upstream and downstream industries, continuous interaction with industrial and policy-oriented stakeholders, and the implementation and exploitation of project outcomes. Participants and beneficiaries include:Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) - Coordinator, FranceAlfred H. Knight Holland BV - Beneficiary, NetherlandsIberian Sustainable Mining Cluster - Beneficiary, SpainCommissariat à l’Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA) - Beneficiary, FranceDMT GmbH & Co. KG - Beneficiary, GermanyEIT RawMaterials GmbH - Beneficiary, GermanyFundación Tecnológica ADVANTX - Beneficiary, SpainGeological Survey of Finland - Beneficiary, FinlandLGI Sustainable Innovation - Beneficiary, FranceMetso Outotec - Beneficiary, FinlandMontanuniversität Leoben - Beneficiary, AustriaSpherity GmbH - Beneficiary, GermanyUniversiteit Gent - Beneficiary, BelgiumUniversiteit Leiden - Beneficiary, Netherlands...
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Directive 2009/28/EC on the Promotion of Electricity Produced from Renewable Energy Sources
…Belgium: 6% in 2010 (compared to 1,1% in 1997); Denmark 29% (8,7% in 1997); Germany 12,5% (4,5%); Greece 20,1% (8,6%); Spain 29,4% (19,9%); France 21% (15%); Ireland 13,2% (3,6%); Italy 25% (16%); Luxembourg 5,7% (2,1%); Netherlands 9% (3,5%); Austria 78,1% (70%); Portugal 39% (38,5%); Finland 31,5% ( 24,7%); Sweden 60% (49,1%); UK 10% (1,7%);European Community 22% (13,9%)Member States must publish a report setting national indicative targets for renewable electricity, and outlining measures, taken or planned, to achieve these targets…
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National Strategy for Green Hydrogen
…Germany, on 29-06-2021. The joint agreement between the two countries has the objective of enhancing cooperation in green hydrogen project development. Experience and knowledge will be exchanged through the creation of a working group, that will also establish a regulatory framework. The aim of the group is also to develop low-carbon certification systems.- The Netherlands, on 01-07-2021. The joint agreement between the two countries aims at establishing green hydrogen import-export corridors. It also seeks to align the investment agenda and to improve private companies collaboration.- Belgium, MoU signed to enhance green hydrogen production, in…
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EITI Standard
…Congo, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Ethiopia, Gabon, Germany, Ghana, Guatemala, Guinea, Guyana, Honduras, Indonesia, Iraq, Kazakhstan, Kyrgz Republic, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Mexico, Mongolia, Mozambique, Myanmar, the Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Papua New Guinea, Peru, Philippines, Republic of the Congo, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Suriname, São Tomé and Príncipe, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda, Ukraine, the United Kingdom and Zambia. Countries that previously implemented the EITI but withdrew or were delisted include Azerbaijan, Equatorial Guinea, Solomon Islands, the United States and Yemen. Supporting countries are not counted among members but contribute to the EITI through financial…