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What Next for the Global Car Industry Policy and strategic actions
…national circumstances vary. But there are five main archetypes that can help explain how differences can inform distinct strategies: regaining ground internationally (e.g. European Union, United Kingdom); sharpening EV advantages (e.g. Japan, Korea); playing to domestic strengths (e.g. Canada, Mexico, United States); investing for balanced growth (e.g. Thailand, Indonesia, Morocco, Brazil, South Africa, Türkiye); seizing new opportunities (e.g. Egypt, Viet Nam, Chile, Nigeria).Several of the archetype countries have the opportunity to build on extensive existing capabilities in internal combustion engine (ICE) car assembly and supply chains. Existing industrial clusters and know-how represent a competitive advantage, as well…
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Malaysia
In Malaysia, the share of gas in the power mix decreased from 67% in 2005 to 47% in 2015, led by policies to switch to coal in response to declining domestic gas production. The country holds a large share of Southeast Asia’s fossil fuel resources.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, electricity is available for 85% of the population, up from 20% in 2000. Gas accounts for the majority of the country’s electricity production, even though wind, hydropower and solar PV shares are growing. Bangladesh has also implemented energy policy incentives towards the deployment of renewables.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Myanmar
In Myanmar, a steep increase in the share of gas-fired power generation reflects a push to take advantage of its abundant domestic resources. The country however has ample scope to rely on renewables in its electrification strategy.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Eswatini
Eswatini
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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US-Thailand Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Cooperation to Diversify Global Critical Minerals Supply Chains and Promote Investments
…such information is provided to other potential investors) so as to allow each country to disseminate this information to its companies.Coordination on Standards-Based Markets: The two countries will coordinate to protect their respective domestic markets from unfair competition. This will be done by establishing standards-based markets that allow participants to trade freely and within a pricing framework (including through the use of price floors and similar measures). Asset Sales: Thailand and the United States will work together to develop regulatory authorities that allow for the review and deterrence of critical mineral asset sales on national security grounds.
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Malaysia–Thailand Joint Authority Procedures for Production Operations
Malaysia and Thailand have signed the Malaysia–Thailand Joint Authority Procedures for Production Operations (“Production Procedures”). The Production Procedures apply to oil and gas exploration within the “Malaysia–Thailand Joint Development Area”, a 7,250 km square area in the Gulf of Thailand that is claimed by both countries and which is administered by the Malaysia–Thailand Joint Authority. The Production Procedures provide that during petroleum productions, gas cannot be flared or vented without prior approval from the Joint Authority, except in certain defined circumstances (e.g., in emergency situations). In addition, the Production Procedures provide that operators who produce…
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Japan-Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement (JTEPA)
The Japan-Thailand Economic Partnership Agreement, which entered into force in November 2007, notably provides for the reduction or elimination of border tariffs for most energy products, including: iron, metals, ammonia, steel, aluminium, battery packs and cells, anodes, heat pumps, automobiles.Specific rule of origins applies to confer originating status in order to qualify for preferential tariff treatment e.g. wholly produced in the parties' territories, materials undergoing change in tariff classification or satisfying a 40%minimum local value content requirement.
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Chile-Thailand Free Trade Agreement
The Free Trade Agreement between Chile and Thailand entered into force on 2015, fully or partially eliminating import tariff for most energy products and technologies, including: Agglomerated and reduced iron, alumina; Scrap metal, ammonia, crude steel, aluminium;Nitrogen fertilizers, solar PV modules, solar cells, solar wafers;Polysilicon, battery packs, battery cells;Anodes and cathodes, electrolysers;Heat pumps, electric vehicles, ICE cars, among other technologies.Rules of origin delineated in the Agreement include provisions preventing goods only undergoing minimal transformations in one of the signatory countries or incorporating materials of external origin valued above 10% of the transaction value of the…
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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