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CO2 emissions from road transport, 2015-2024
CO2 emissions from road transport, 2015-2024 energy system
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Sustainable Transport for Georgia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emission fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Outlook for electric mobility
Overview In this part of the report, we focus on the outlook for electric mobility in road transport over the period to 2030. A scenario-based approach is used to explore the prospects for electric mobility, based on recent market trends, policy drivers and technology developments. The purpose of scenario projections is to assess a plausible future for global electric vehicle (EV) markets and the potential implications. The scenario projections are not intended as predictions about the future. Rather, they aim to provide insights to inform decision-making by governments, companies and other stakeholders about the future of EVs. In…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Executive summary
Georgia is at a pivotal point in shaping sustainable transport policy. This roadmap guides policy makers in making transport cleaner, fairer and more efficient while building on Georgia’s strengths – its location, institutions, competitive wages, low-emissions electricity and natural resources. Key opportunities include assembling and producing electric vehicles; manufacturing cells and battery components for mobility and storage; strengthening regional freight links; and developing low-emissions fuels.Road transport has become cleaner and more efficient, but progress needs to accelerate. Car ownership and freight activity have risen along with incomes, but this comes at a cost: Nearly all of Georgia…
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Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestones
…innovation and strengthening financial mechanisms for sustainable transport.Complementary Measures: These are additional initiatives that enhance and refine the transition process. They may not be essential on their own, but they increase efficiency and enhance the impact of the other measures.This categorisation ensures a balanced and strategic approach, allowing decision makers to prioritise key investments. Despite significant geopolitical challenges and resource constraints, Armenia continues to press forward in the transition to sustainable transport. This structured roadmap can help guide government efforts to improve regional connectivity, spur economic development and strengthen energy security in Armenia, while significantly reducing CO2 emissions.
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Autonomous vehicles
…most commonly deployed systems, like adaptive cruise control combined with lane-keeping assist, require the driver to have their hands on the steering wheel, and only function under certain conditions, mainly on highways.Further development of ADAS is amongst the top strategic priorities of OEMs today. Beyond compliance with regulations and increasing road safety, OEMs see driving automation as one of the main competitive differentiators, with high potential to unlock new revenue streams. The most advanced Level 2 systems in private passenger cars today allow for hands-free navigation on autopilot (Level 2+). People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”…
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Artificial intelligence and EVs
…common driving situations. However, difficulties remain in handling rare or ambiguous situations, which are not represented in training datasets. These can include extreme weather, rare objects, unexpected behaviour by other road users, and sensor malfunction. Handling of such cases is among the main R&D efforts for autonomous vehicle developers.End-to-end AI approaches to autonomous driving could reduce costs and accelerate scale-up but are currently limited by regulatory and safety concerns. By integrating functions from perception to planning within a single model, these approaches have the potential to simplify development and deliver performance gains. However, ensuring safe…
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Energy System Resilience
…Agency (IEA) has worked closely with Ukraine, an Association country, on energy system resilience, publishing a 10-point plan ahead of the 2024-2025 winter, along with a 2025-2026 update and a roadmap for decentralising Ukraine's power system. This has provided Ukraine with critical assistance, while also offering invaluable real-world lessons that can inform resilience planning for IEA Member countries and beyond. Industry from Europe and other regions is already collaborating with the Ukrainian private sector and learning from practices forged under extreme conditions as they provide support. This report distils key lessons from Ukraine's experience…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in other light-duty electric vehicles
Electric two- and three-wheelers Contrasting regional trends mean global sales of electric two- and three-wheelers remain at around 15% Two- and three-wheelers (2/3Ws) remained the most electrified road transport segment in 2024, with more than 9% of the global fleet now electric. The global sales share of electric models remained at around 15% in 2024 with total electric model sales reaching 10 million. The electric sales share stalled in 2024, mostly due to the shrinking Chinese electric 2/3W market, although growth in other regions was steady. China, India and Southeast Asia remain the world’s largest…
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Net Zero Emissions
…decades. To inform these efforts, the IEA released a first-of-its-kind Net Zero Roadmap in 2021, outlining what would be required within the energy sector to achieve this goal at the global level by mid-century. An update to the Roadmap, which has served as an essential benchmark for policy makers, industry, the financial sector and civil society, was published in 2023.The Roadmap is based on the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario, which portrays a pathway for the global energy sector to achieve net zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050 while maintaining energy security…