IEA
      • About
      • News
      • Events
      • Programmes
      • Help centre
      IEASkip navigation
          • Energy system Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector
            Oil and natural gas supply

            Fossil Fuels

            Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant

            Renewables

            photo from the perspective of looking up to the top of electricity tower pylons with a colorful blue and yellow background in the sky

            Electricity

            Low-emission fuels

            Low-Emissions Fuels

            Transport

            Transport

            Tracking industry

            Industry

            Tracking buildings

            Buildings

            Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash

            Energy Efficiency and Demand

            Ccus Tall

            Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage

            • Buildings
            • Energy Efficiency and Demand
            • Carbon Capture Utilisation and Storage
            Explore all
          • Topics Chevron down
            Understand the biggest energy challenges
            Iran tmo 2008052 lrg, NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Rapid Response team

            The Middle East and Global Energy Markets

            Electricity security report cover

            Energy Security

            Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390

            Artificial Intelligence

            Critical Mineral Topic Page Header Image

            Critical Minerals

            Access and Affordability

            Pexels Googledeepmind 17485658

            Energy Innovation

            Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground

            Investment

            Climate Change

            Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash

            Energy and Gender

            Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine

            Russia's War on Ukraine

            • Investment
            • Climate Change
            • Energy and Gender
            • Russia's War on Ukraine
            • Energy and Water
            • Fossil Fuel Subsidies
            • Net Zero Emissions
            • Saving Energy
            • COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
            All topics
          • Countries Chevron down
            Explore the energy system by country or region
            Member countries
            • Australia
            • Austria
            • Belgium
            • Canada
            • Czechia
            • Denmark
            • Estonia
            • Finland
            • France
            • Germany
            • Greece
            • Hungary
            • Ireland
            • Italy
            • Japan
            • Korea
            • Latvia
            • Lithuania
            • Luxembourg
            • Mexico
            • New Zealand
            • Norway
            • Poland
            • Portugal
            • Slovak Republic
            • Spain
            • Sweden
            • Switzerland
            • The Netherlands
            • Türkiye
            • United Kingdom
            • United States
            Accession countries
            • Brazil
            • Chile
            • Colombia
            • Costa Rica
            • Israel
            • Romania
            Association countries
            • Argentina
            • China
            • Egypt
            • India
            • Indonesia
            • Kenya
            • Morocco
            • Senegal
            • Singapore
            • South Africa
            • Thailand
            • Ukraine
            • Viet Nam
            All Countries and Regions
          • DataChevron down
            Use, download and buy global energy data

            Data explorers

            Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers

            Data explorers

            Data sets

            Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download

            Data sets

            Policies database

            Past, existing or planned government policies and measures

            Policies database

            Chart Library

            Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis

            Chart
            Explore data
          • Reports Chevron down
            Read the latest analysis from the IEA
            • Oil Market Report - June 2026

              Fuel report — 17 June 2026

              Oil Market Report - June
            • Sheltering From Oil Shocks

              Measures to reduce impacts on households and businesses

              Fuel report — 20 March 2026

              Photo depicts Aerial view of heavy traffic on a motorway in Perth, Australia, with a train running along the parallel railway line, several lanes congested with vehicles
            • GettyImages 2157213934

              World Energy Outlook 2025

              Read more

              Flagship report — 12 November 2025

            • The photo depicts a 3d rendered particle trail background. Magic sparkle trail effect. Shimmering waves with light effect isolated on black background. Lines swirl effect. Abstract motion.

              Energy Technology Perspectives 2026

              Read more

              Flagship report — 26 March 2026

            All reports
          • Search
          • Bag
            1
          • User Profile

          Sign In

          You are connecting via IP recognition from
          .

          If you wish to proceed, click on Connect.
          If you prefer to log into your personal account, please sign in below.

          ConnectConnect
          OR
          Error
          Eye
          Error
          Create an account

          Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.

          Join for freeJoin for free
              All content Reports Data & Tools News & Events
              Authors Countries Energy system Newsletters Policies Programmes Sectors Topics
                • Country

                Namibia

                Most of Namibia’s electricity is generated by hydropower. The country is also one of the ten-largest uranium resource-holders in the world and provides 8.2% of global production. The country has stated its interest in introducing nuclear power into its domestic mix.

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                Namibia Flag
                • Country

                Estonia

                Estonia has achieved a notable reduction in greenhouse gas emissions thanks mainly to lowering its reliance on electricity generation from domestic oil shale, an energy rich sedimentary rock. However, oil shale remains the main energy source and imported fossil fuels still plan a major role, especially in transport. Estonia’s forests, which historically offset significant greenhouse gas emissions, have become a net emissions source. Estonia is aiming to accelerate its clean energy transition with a target to cover 100% of annual electricity demand with renewables by 2030 as part of a larger package to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. It…

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                Estonia Flag
                • Country

                Nigeria

                Nigeria is the largest economy and the richest oil resource centre of the African continent. The country also remains the largest gas consumer and producer of West Africa. Notable power sector reforms are underway in Nigeria, including plans for electrification.

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                Nigeria Flag
                • Policy

                • Norway

                • 1993

                Faeroe Islands - Norway Free Trade Agreement

                The Faeroe Islands - Norway Free Trade Agreement aims to foster economic and trade relations between the two countries by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers. The Agreement offers tariff elimination or reduction for most industrial goods across HS chapters 25 to 97 including, but not limited to: Electric generation equipment Mechanical equipment including pumps, appliances and other advanced machinery Electric motors, transformers, batteries and capacitors Motor vehicles Mineral ore and processed products including manganese, copper, aluminium, and nickel Various products manufactured using the above minerals and metals, such as sheets, powders, bars and plates Photovoltaic cells The Agreement also includes rules of origin and local content provisions…

                • Policy

                • Norway

                • 2023

                Geological Survey of Norway Award Letter

                The Geological Survey of Norway (NGU) is an agency under the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Fisheries (NFD) tasked with mapping Norway's geology, and disseminating and presenting data in order to meet society’s needs for basic geological knowledge. Their mission and activities are designed to promote added value and sustainable economic growth in Norway. This award letter states the government's ambitions and expectations to the Geological Survey of Norway in 2023.Objectives of the NGU:NGU's activities must lead to Norway's geology and geological resources being mapped in a way that provides map data of…

                • Policy

                • Norway

                • 2017

                Act Relating to Norway's Climate Targets

                The purpose of this Act is to promote the implementation of Norway's climate targets as part of its process of transformation to a low-emission society by 2050. Norway’s Climate Change Act establishes GHG emission targets of at least 40 percent reduction by 2030 compared with 1990 (Sec. 3), and 90-95 percent reduction by 2050 (Sec. 4).The Act applies to all greenhouse gases covered by Norway’s first submission under the Paris Agreement (Sec. 2), which included methane. The targets shall be reviewed every 5 years (Sec. 5). The law also requires annual reporting of all…

                • Policy

                • Norway

                • 1995

                Research Council of Norway R&D Programme

                The Research Council of Norway administers this industry-driven R&D programme to develop products and processes for efficient energy technologies and new renewable energy sources in Norwegian enterprises. Its primary research areas are bioenergy, wind, photovoltaics, thermal solar, wave energy, heat pumps and hydrogen, energy efficiency, and carbon capture and storage.

                • Policy

                • Norway

                • 2016

                Parking EVSE mandate Norway

                In the parking area, there is to be provided charging capacity for rechargeable motor vehicle in a sufficient number of parking spaces, that is to say that there is generally a free space at all times with charging possibilities. However, the company is not obliged to offer charging possibilities of more than six per cent of the total number of places.

                • Country

                Oman

                Oman’s energy supply is entirely generated by nationally-produced natural gas and oil products and the country is a large exporter of oil and gas. The government has recently launched the “Residential PV Initiative" to foster the private use of solar PV.

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                Oman Flag
                • Country

                United Kingdom

                The United Kingdom has been an early player in the energy transition, being among the first countries to set a net zero target by 2050 and to put in place carbon budgets. UK emissions have already fallen by around 50% since 1990, indicating a strong start. Looking ahead, an important pillar of the energy transition will be decarbonising the power sector through sizeable new investments in renewables and nuclear while also focusing on new technologies such as CCUS, hydrogen and small modular reactors. As a historic oil and gas producer, the UK is looking to address declining North Sea production…

                • OverviewOverview
                • Energy mixEnergy mix
                • EmissionsEmissions
                • ElectricityElectricity
                • + 5 pages

                United Kingdom Flag
              Previous page Prev
              Next Next page

              Newsletters

              The best of the IEA sent straight to your inbox

              Subscribe to newsletters

              Podcasts

              Top energy experts put IEA analysis in context

              Listen to our podcast
              • Understand energy
              • Reports
              • News and commentaries
              • Events
              • Energy system
              • Topics
              • Countries and regions
              • Glossary
              • Explore data
              • Data explorers
              • Data sets
              • Policies database
              • Chart library
              • Energy Statistics Browser
              • IEA essentials
              • About
              • Mission
              • Membership
              • Structure
              • Programmes
              • International collaborations
              • Technology collaboration
              • Training
              • Connect
              • Contact
              • Press
              • Careers
              • Internships
              • Delegates
              • Help centre
              IEA
              © 2026 IEA
              • Terms
              • Privacy
              • youtube
              • linkedin
              • bluesky
              • facebook
              • instagram
              • x (formally twitter)
              Back to top

              Subscription successful

              Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.