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7 certainties about energy for this age of uncertainty
ED commentary The energy sector, like many others, is contending with a blizzard of uncertainties, complicating the work of policymakers, business leaders and investors.Geopolitical twists and turns are straining long-established relationships and upending deeply held assumptions. The World Uncertainty Index, devised by economists from the IMF and Stanford University, has hit unprecedented levels in recent months.But in this time of flux, there are still some important trends that we can identify with some confidence. Here are seven that can help us keep our bearings: The world has entered the age of electricity Oil and gas will still…
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Energy Efficiency 2025
Market Report Energy Efficiency 2025 is the IEA’s primary annual analysis on global energy efficiency developments, showing recent trends in energy intensity and demand, investment, employment and policy. The report provides sector-specific analysis on industry, buildings, appliances and transport and explores system-wide themes such as emissions reductions, energy security, affordability and competitiveness. This report is launched in parallel with an update to the IEA Energy Efficiency Progress Tracker, which can be accessed through the IEA website.
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Coal 2025 Executive summary
Global coal demand in 2025 is set to remain close to 2024 levels amid unusual regional trends Key factors such as weather, fuel prices and policy decisions all shaped global coal consumption in 2025, driving changes in demand that often ran counter to recent country or regional trends.In India – one of the traditional engines of coal demand growth – an early and strong monsoon season depressed electricity demand and boosted hydropower output. As a result, the country’s annual coal power generation is set to decline year-on-year for only the third time in the past five decades. In…
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- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
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Oil Market Report - August 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand is projected to increase by 680 kb/d in 2025 and 700 kb/d in 2026, to reach 104.4 mb/d. Despite weaker-than-expected demand in China, India and Brazil in recent months, annual growth of 600 kb/d in 2Q25…
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Electric vehicle charging
Light-duty electric vehicle charger deployment Most electric car owners charge at home Globally, the number of private light-duty vehicle (LDV) charging points is estimated to have reached more than 43 million in 2025, supporting an electric LDV stock of around 76 million. About one-third of the private charging points worldwide are in the People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”), one-third in Europe, and one in six in the United States.Home charging – whether in a driveway, garage or other dedicated parking space – is currently the preferred way to charge an electric car for those with the ability to…
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Technological Advancement Fund
In Oct 2024, the Colombian Ministry of Transport officially launched the Technological Advancement Fund to facilitate the energy transition of the vehicle fleet. in its first year of operation, it has 12 billion Colombian pesos, managed by National Development Finance. In the case of taxis and light-duty vehicles, they plan to cover the price difference between a petrol vehicle, which costs around 80 million pesos, and a zero-emission vehicle, which could cost between 105 and 110 million pesos.
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Electric vehicle import tariff exemption
In 2019, the Colombian government exempted electric vehicles classified under tariff subheadings 8702.40.10.00, 8702.40.90.10, 8702.40.90.90, 8703.80.10.00, 8703.80.90.00, 8704.90.51.00, and 8704.90.59.00 from import tariffs.
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Resolution No 40391 by which the National Mining Policy is approved
In 2016, the Colombian Vice Minister of Mines enacted Resolution No 40391 to approve the National Mining Policy. This roadmap seeks to implement strategies aiming to develop a more competitive and productive mining industry. The Colombian Government is pursuing fostering an organised, legitimate, inclusive and competitive industry. The following are the policy’s pillars:Legal certainty: Have a clear and stable legal framework for the development of the sector.Competitive conditions: Promote competitive conditions for the mining industry, which guarantee that minerals can be extracted. Receiving revenue from taxes and royalties and creating the employment needed by the country. Allowing…
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Law 1715, regulating the Integration of Non Conventional Renewable Energies to the National Energy System
The law 1715 encourages the integration of alternative energy in the Colombian Energy mix. This law aims to incentivise private capital investment in renewable energy integration. The law provides fiscal incentives, establishes a dedicated fund and creates the legal basis for development of renewable energy support initiatives, thus paving the way for further policy and regulatory action.
The law mandates the government to establish rules and guidelines for the sale of renewable electricity by large- and small-scale self-generators, including simplified procedures and net metering for small-scale generators. UPME (Unit of Energy Mining Planning - Unidad de Planeación Minero… -
Portugal 2026 Policy recommendations for Portugal
Energy policy landscape 1. Adopt a national roadmap based on bottom-up sectoral agreements to support timely and cost effective emissions reductionsPortugal has established a clear long-term direction for its energy transition through the Roadmap for Carbon Neutrality 2050, the Basic Climate Law, and the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2030. The NECP commits to reducing GHG emissions by 55% by 2030 (vs. 2005 levels) and achieving climate neutrality by 2045. Strong progress has been made, with emissions down 43% in 2024, driven mainly by decarbonisation of electricity supply. Portugal is now entering a mid-transition, in which further…
