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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
…2025. Two smaller projects are expected for 2026, but several have been postponed due to delays in CCUS infrastructure.Investment momentum slowed in 2025. New final investment decisions (FIDs) dropped below 0.8 Mtpa after two consecutive years at around 1 Mtpa. Recent policy developments in China can reinvigorate investment, but lack of demand and regulatory barriers lead to an uncertain outlook in the rest of the world.Committed production grew by 3%, reaching 4.3 Mt by 2030, which could increase to more than 6 Mt if projects with strong potential to be operational by 2030 reach FID in 2026 or 2027. However…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Key findings
…level since 2000, excluding post-recession rebound years, boosted by strong electricity demand from data centres, robust industrial growth and colder temperatures. The People’s Republic of China (hereafter, “China”) accounted for the largest overall share of global energy demand growth, but at 1.7% its growth rate slowed sharply due to the rapid growth of renewables and efficiency improvements.Demand for electricity grew at well over twice the rate of energy demand, reaffirming that the world has entered the Age of Electricity. Growth of nearly 3% remained above the average of 2.8% over the last decade, but was…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Executive summary
Lack of capital presents a major impediment to universal electricity access Nearly two out of every five people in Africa – around 600 million in total – still live without access to electricity. Electrification has barely kept pace with population growth, leaving the continent far behind the targets set by African governments and the international community. Progress in reducing the absolute number of people without access has stalled in recent years, with the rate of improvement failing to fully recover to pre-pandemic levels. Fewer than 19 million people gained access in both 2023 and 2024, compared with 23 million in 2019…
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Energy Efficiency 2025 Executive summary
…has pushed up cooling-related electricity demand. Higher living standards have allowed more people to afford much-needed cooling technologies such as air conditioners, especially in emerging economies. In fact, energy for space cooling has seen the fastest growth of any end-use in buildings since 2000, growing over 4% per year. However, this increased demand has been met with equipment that is not highly efficient, further straining energy systems at a time of rapid growth. If every air conditioner bought since 2019 had been the most efficient available, the world could have avoided electricity demand growth equivalent to the…
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Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Electric vehicles
Electric car sales increased by more than 20% year-on-year in 2025, rising to 21 million units, with one in four cars sold being electric. This was in line with the IEA’s forecast for annual sales share in the 2025 edition of the Global EV Outlook. Intense domestic competition, attractive prices and the growing availability of different models have supported the rapid rollout of EVs in China, with electric cars capturing more than half of all annual car sales for the first time in 2025. Sales of electric heavy-freight trucks also tripled in 2025, reaching more than…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Electricity 2026 Flexibility
…on measures to enhance flexibility on the supply side of electricity markets by reducing the various technical, regulatory or contractual inflexibilities affecting generation. This year, we focus on demand-side applications for providing and improving flexibility. In addition, we have updated our analysis on supply side flexibility to include further examination of falling “capture rates” for solar and wind generation and the spectacular growth of battery storage systems amid declining costs in various markets.Finally, markets with high shares of solar and wind are challenged by periods of overabundance, when supply has the potential to exceed demand for grid electricity…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Energy and AI Energy supply for AI
…in data centre electricity demand. This growth is primarily driven by the rising deployment of wind and solar PV in power systems across the globe, with some of the new capacity financed through PPAs with technology companies. Some data centre operators also invest directly in co-located renewables. Even so, new demand from data centres is a significant near-term driver of growth for natural gas-fired and coal-fired generation, through both higher utilisation of existing assets and new power plants. Natural gas and coal together are expected to meet over 40% of the additional electricity demand from data…
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Financing Electricity Access in Africa Pathway to universal access
Mobilising the necessary investment Under the new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS), investment of nearly USD 150 billion is needed to achieve universal electricity access in sub-Saharan Africa by 2035. This represents a six-fold increase in annual spending from today’s levels, facilitated by improvements to the regulatory environment, strengthened risk management by developers and risk-mitigation tools to support more private investment, and a more targeted use of concessional funds.Around 45% of households currently without access are connected via the grid under the ACCESS scenario, with financial support for households to reduce connection fees and…
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Financing the ASEAN Power Grid Executive summary
…are prone to supply shocks, as witnessed during the 2022-2023 global energy crisis which caused regional subsidies for fossil fuel consumption to soar. Optimising both variable renewable and flexible resources across countries requires a strong degree of trust, regulatory and technical co-ordination, robust business models, harmonised arrangements for cross-border trade, and substantial investment; but if achieved, it could benefit consumers through lower electricity costs and governments through enhanced energy security. Regional power trade is nascent today despite the first projects dating back over five decades Since the first project connecting Lao PDR with Thailand broke ground i...
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Lithuania 2025 Executive summary
…and with the recently completed electricity grid synchronisation with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA), the Baltic states have successfully disconnected from the Russian-controlled system. While these are important achievements, Lithuania’s final energy consumption remains highly reliant on imported fossil fuels, notably in transport, and a significant share of electricity demand is met by imports. This report seeks to provide Lithuania with timely advice on how it can progress towards its energy goals, including in two focus areas: expanding the electricity system and decarbonising transport.Lithuania outlines a long-term vision for an electrified energy system and new…
