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France
France has a very low-carbon electricity mix owing to its large nuclear fleet, the second-largest after the United States. As an early leader in setting out an ambitious energy transition, France legislated a net zero emissions target for 2050 in its 2019 Energy and Climate Act and aims at reducing by 55% its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. A national low-carbon strategy with 5-year carbon budgets and a multiannual plan for energy investments implement the long-term target.
Acknowledging the need to maintain electricity security in the longer term and a low-carbon footprint France invests…- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Syria
The 2009 Syrian Law on Energy Conservation aims to fulfil the sustainable development requirements of the country and deploy various renewable energy applications. Private and public institutions must commit to energy efficiency practices, use renewables and high energy- efficiency equipment.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Biofuels
Country and regional highlights
The United States Inflation Reduction Act makes USD 9.4 billion available for biofuels
Energy
Biofuel demand increased by 6% in 2022, continuing the recent pace of growth
Technology deployment
Biofuel production technology needs to diversify to sustainably take advantage of existing waste and residue feedstocks
Innovation
Technologies that can convert woody feedstocks into biofuels need to be proven at scale in the next few years
Supporting infrastructure
Policy
Investment
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Japan
Japan’s energy policy is guided by principles of energy security, economic efficiency, environmental sustainability and safety. Achieving the aim of carbon-neutrality by 2050 will require substantially accelerating the deployment of low-carbon technologies by 2030, to address regulatory and institutional barriers and further enhance competition in energy markets. It will also be important to develop different decarbonisation scenarios and to prepare for the possibility that certain low-carbon technologies, such as nuclear, might not expand as quickly as hoped. Stronger reliance on market-based instruments, such as carbon pricing, could be one policy option for Japan to cost…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Electricity 2026
Global power demand growth continues to rise rapidly as the Age of Electricity gathers pace, supported by the increasing electrification of industry, transportation, and the buildings sectors. Growing consumption is also coming from some of the most dynamic segments of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres, and evolving technological innovations.Against this backdrop, Electricity 2026 – the IEA’s annual report on global electricity systems and markets – provides in-depth analysis of the recent trends and policy developments underpinning this new era. It includes forecasts for electricity demand, supply and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for select countries, by…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Off-Grid Electrification Plan ( Resolution No. 52/2023)
The primary objective of this plan is to establish a framework for rapidly scaling up electrification in off-grid areas to achieve universal access to electricity in Mozambique by 2030. Key targets for 2030 include:Providing electricity to approximately 10.2 million families in totalReaching 6.9 million families through the national grid Reaching 1.3 million families through mini-gridsReaching 2 million families through Solar Home Systems
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Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the SADC EPA States
The Economic Partnership Agreement between the European Union and the Southern African Development Community Economic Partnership Agreement (SADC EPA) States entered into force in October 2016. It is under provisional implementation in Mozambique since February 2018. It provides for the elimination of tariffs and quotas for all imports from Botswana, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia and Eswatini into the EU, and for the elimination of most import duties from the EU to Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Eswatini.Most energy and industrial products benefit from preferential tariff treatment under the Agreement, including:Electric motors, turbines and generators; Mechanical equipment including pumps…
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Energy Reform and Access Project (2003-2011)
The World Bank project among other objectives aimed to:
accelerate access to electricity in a sustainable and commercially viable manner
eliminate barriers that impede the development and use of renewable energy in particular solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, and develop micro-hydro and other renewables' capacity and social services and
increase Mozambique's capacity access to modern energy. At end of project 68,270 households were connected. -
Pakistan
In Pakistan, most of the primary energy supply comes from oil and natural gas. Hydropower is the main renewable source of energy in the country but wind and solar PV’s shares are slowly growing. More than 40 million people remain without access to electricity and half the population lack access to clean cooking facilities.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Oil Market Report - March 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Growth in global oil demand is set to accelerate to just over 1 mb/d this year, from 830 kb/d in 2024, reaching 103.9 mb/d. Asia accounts for almost 60% of gains, led by China where petrochemical feedstocks will provide the entirety of…
