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Coal Mid-Year Update 2025 Demand
…or 4%), largely due to reduced coal-fired power generation.Asia-Pacific’s share of global coal consumption continued to grow, with China, India, and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries estimated to have accounted for approximately 77% of total demand in 2024, more than double their share at the start of this century. This shift highlights the region’s increasing influence on global coal market dynamics.Coal-fired power generation, the main driver of global coal demand, also reached a record high in 2024, estimated at 10 766 TWh. In contrast, metallurgical coal consumption, primarily used in…
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From farms to fuel: Ukraine’s biomethane opportunity for energy security and European decarbonisation
…developed domestic gas infrastructure. The country’s extensive gas network connects in the West and South to Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and Romania via Moldova, with a combined exit capacity of around 140 bcm of natural gas per year. Ukraine also hosts Europe’s largest underground gas storage facilities, with a total capacity of 31 bcm. Located mainly in the western part of the country, far from the frontline, these facilities could also be used to store biomethane alongside natural gas. Together, this infrastructure provides a strong foundation for scaling up biomethane production and unlocking new revenue streams as demand for...
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Lithuania
…has undergone several energy transitions over the past decade. Despite importing a large share of its electricity, the country successfully ended its reliance on Russian energy imports in March 2022. Along with its neighbours, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania disconnected from the Russian electricity system and completed the synchronisation of its grid with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) in February 2025. By 2030, Lithuania aims to shift from being an electricity importer to becoming a net exporter. Although the country’s energy consumption still depends heavily on imported fossil fuels, the share of bioenergy in the domestic energy supply is…
- Overview
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Oil Market Report - April 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand growth for 2025 has been revised down by 300 kb/d since last month’s Report to 730 kb/d, as escalating trade tensions have negatively impacted the economic outlook. Growth is expected to slow further in 2026, to 690 kb/d, but…
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Chile
Chile’s energy policy has evolved dynamically in recent years. In response to changes in the domestic and international environment, significant institutional and policy reforms as well as major infrastructure projects have been carried out. In 2022, Chile’s Ministry of Energy published an update to its the Long-Term Energy Policy (PELP, first published in 2015), which re-emphasises the pledge to net-zero, laying out a clear decarbonisation pathway that addresses all sectors of the national economy.
Based on its excellent renewable energy resources, Chile has taken a globally leading role in clean energy, and emerged as a…- Overview
- Energy mix
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Italy
…and energy efficiency, aiming to reach 30% of renewables in total energy consumption and 55% of renewables in electricity generation. The country has experienced notable growth in the renewable energy sector and has successfully integrated large volumes of variable renewable generation. Natural gas is a major source for electricity and heating, therefore Italy has strengthened its energy security by diversifying natural gas supply, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing overall demand for natural gas through an accelerated shift to alternative energy sources and a stronger focus on energy…
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- Emissions
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Renewables and Low-Emissions Fuels
Renewables and Low-Emissions Fuels
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Global Energy and Climate Model Announced Pledges Scenario (APS)
…to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. In the WEO-2024, the APS includes all recent major national announcements as of the end of August 2024, both 2030 targets and longer-term net zero or carbon neutrality pledges, regardless of whether these announcements have been anchored in legislation or in updated Nationally Determined Contributions. In the APS, countries implement their national targets in full and on time. The outlook for exporters of fossil fuels and low-emissions fuels, such as hydrogen, is shaped by what full implementation of all targets means for global demand. The APS also assumes that all country…
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United States
The United States introduced major energy and climate policy reforms which put the country on a path towards a clean, secure and affordable energy system for a net zero economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today…- Overview
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Renewables 2022 Transport biofuels
…2022/23. Sweden froze 2023 greenhouse gas targets for transport fuels at 2022 levels. However, 2030 targets remain unchanged. Robust growth over the next five years will help meet climate and energy security goals Total global biofuel demand expands by 35 000 MLPY or 20% over 2022-2027 in the main-case forecast. Growth in renewable diesel and biojet fuel consumption is almost entirely in advanced economies. Here, policies designed to reduce GHG emissions are driving demand because these fuels can be produced with low GHG emissions, blended at high levels and made from wastes and residues. In fact, nearly…
