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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2026 Southeast Asia’s energy challenges and emerging opportunities
…and air pollution, which contributed to an estimated 330 000 premature deaths in 2024. Measures implemented as of 7 May 2026. FX = foreign exchange. CB = central bank. Interest in nuclear power is growing as Southeast Asian countries look for firm, low-emissions electricity to meet rising demand and diversify power systems. Indonesia, the Philippines and Viet Nam have set development targets, while Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand and Myanmar are considering nuclear. Nuclear could strengthen electricity security by providing firm power, reducing fossil fuel imports and complementing renewables. However, projects require strong regulatory institutions, skilled workforces, public trust, clear financing…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Southeast Asia
…accelerate. Achieving orderly and just energy transitions would require a combination of financial approaches to scale up clean energy and reduce reliance on fossil fuels, especially the managed phase-out of coal-fired power plants with transition finance. Southeast Asia is playing a growing role in clean energy manufacturing supply chains. In 2023 Viet Nam, Thailand and Malaysia were the world’s largest solar PV manufacturers after China. Further, the region holds rich reserves of critical minerals. Indonesia produces more than 60% of the world’s nickel, attracting over USD 50 billion of investment in greenfield mining between 2014 and 2023, over…
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Myanmar
In Myanmar, a steep increase in the share of gas-fired power generation reflects a push to take advantage of its abundant domestic resources. The country however has ample scope to rely on renewables in its electrification strategy.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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North Macedonia
North Macedonia
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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US-Malaysia Memorandum of Understanding Concerning Cooperation to Diversify Global Critical Minerals Supply Chains and Promote Investments
In October 2025, the United States and Malaysia signed a Memorandum of Understanding ("MOU") concerning critical mineral supply chains. The MOU seeks to strengthen cooperation on critical mineral supply chain development, promote trade and investment, and support the transition to efficient and secure critical mineral markets. Under the MOU, the two countries have committed to implement certain measures:Collaboration and Exchange of Best Practices: The United States and Malaysia will share information and best practices to increase the competitiveness of Malaysia's minerals sector, including on good regulatory practices, fair treatment of investors and project sustainability.Investment: The two countries…
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Pakistan - Malaysia Free Trade Agreement
The Pakistan - Malaysia Free Trade Agreement aims to foster economic and trade relations between the two countries by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers. The Agreement offers tariff elimination and reduction for goods including, but not limited to: Electric generation equipment Mechanical equipment including pumps, appliances and other advanced machinery Electric motors, transformers, batteries and capacitors Motor vehicles Mineral ore and processed products including manganese, copper, aluminium, and nickel Various products manufactured using the above minerals and metals, such as sheets, powders, bars and plates Photovoltaic cells The Agreement also includes rules of origin and local content provisions. Goods are counted as originating if they are wholly…
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Türkiye - Malaysia Free Trade Agreement
The EU - Singapore Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement aims to foster economic and trade relations between the two countries by eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers. The Agreement eliminates tariffs for goods including, but not limited to: Electric generation equipment Mechanical equipment including pumps, appliances and other advanced machinery Electric motors, transformers, batteries and capacitors Motor vehicles Mineral ore and processed products including manganese, copper, aluminium, and nickel Various products manufactured using the above minerals and metals, such as sheets, powders, bars and plates Photovoltaic cells The Agreement also includes rules of origin and local content provisions. Goods are counted as originating if they are wholly produced or…
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Japan-Malaysia Economic Partnership Agreement (MJEPA)
The Japan-Malaysia Economic Partnership Agreement (MJEPA) entered into force in July 2006. It provides for the elimination of export supports and non-tariff measures, as well as for the gradual elimination of import duties- notably for iron, metals, ammonia, steel, aluminium, battery packs and cells, anodes, heat pumps, electric cars, and ICE cars.The Agreement however allows the adoption of bilateral safeguard measures to prevent or remedy serious injuries to a domestic industry of one of the signatory countries resulting from an increase in imports brought by the reduction of a customs duty.Specific rule of origins apply: to…
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Chile-Malaysia Free Trade Agreement
The Free Trade Agreement between Chile and Malaysia entered into force on August 2012, fully or partially eliminating import tariff for most energy products and technologies, including: Agglomerated and reduced iron;Alumina, scrap metal, ammonia;Crude steel, aluminum, nitrogen fertilizers;Solar PV modules, solar cells, solar wafers;Polysilicon, battery packs, battery cells; Anodes and cathodes, electrolyzers;Heat pumps;Electric vehicles, ICE cars, among other technologies;Rules of origin delineated in the Agreement include provisions preventing goods only undergoing minimal transformations in one of the signatory countries or incorporating materials of external origin valued above 40% of the transaction value of…
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India-Malaysia Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (IMCECA)
The India-Malaysia Comprehensive Economic Cooperation Agreement (IMCECA) came into force on July 1, 2011. Under the IMCECA, tariff concessions have been offered in the forms of, both, tariff reductions and eliminations, including but not limited to: Agglomerated and reduced iron;Alumina;Scrap metal and ammonia;Crude steel and aluminium;Polysilicon;Battery packs;Heat pumps;Rules of origin dictate that “minerals and other naturally occurring substances” are considered wholly obtained or produced in India or Malaysia and thus benefit from preferential tariff treatment. All other goods not wholly obtained or produced benefit from preferential tariff treatment provided:Non-originating materials…
