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Mariano Berkenwald
Former Clean Energy Transitions Programme Officer for Latin America.
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Ukraine’s Energy Security As Ukraine heads into another heating season, six measures can help improve energy security
Air defence remains the best method to protect Ukraine’s critical energy and civilian infrastructure. However, there are other steps that can be taken to increase Ukraine’s energy security ahead of and during the coming winter. The IEA proposes six key actions for Ukraine and its partners to help address ongoing energy security challenges. Action 1: Boost protections for critical energy infrastructure and continue improving equipment supply chains Strengthening the security of critical energy infrastructure across Ukraine is vital to maintaining capacity this winter. A multilayered defence strategy, whereby air defence is combined with passive defence measures, can serve…
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Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia has moved forward in the implementation of energy efficiency standards on key sectors and end-uses linked to their energy saving potential. These standards are focused on and the transport and building sectors. For example, new buildings are now required to be insulated.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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Global Energy Review 2026
Global Energy Review 2026 This edition of the Global Energy Review provides the first full assessment of trends across the entire energy sector in 2025, with data for all fuels and technologies, all regions and major countries, and energy-related carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions.The report covers estimates of energy demand by region and by source and fuel in 2025; developments in electricity demand and supply; deployment of selected energy technologies; and estimates of energy-related CO2 emissions. The report also assesses trends in energy intensity and analyses the impact of factors, such as weather effects, on energy demand and…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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+ 9 pages
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Dr Sarquis José Buainain Sarquis
Ambassador, Delegate of Brazil to the OECD and other economic organisations in Paris. An economist and career diplomat since 1991, Ambassador Sarquis has worked in the fields of economics, finance, international trade, investment, and development. He has also authored papers and taught undergraduate and graduate courses in these fields.He is currently Brazil’s representative to the OECD and other international economic organisations in Paris. Previously, he was Secretary for Foreign Trade and Economic Affairs and G20 Sherpa (2020-2023) and Vice President and Chief Risk Officer at the New Development Bank (2018-2020).Ambassador Sarquis holds a PhD and a MSc in Economics from the London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE) and a BSc in Electronic Engineering from the Polytechnic School of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ). He is also a graduate of Brazil’s diplomatic academy - Instituto Rio Branco.
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Household Energy Affordability
Energy is one of the top expenses for millions of households, making energy affordability an important policy concern for governments. The impacts of the global energy crisis on consumer prices have been significantly felt in household budgets. Despite coming down from their peak in 2022, prices remain elevated compared to pre-crisis levels and households continue to grapple with higher living costs.This report sets out to identify key trends that are shaping the state of energy affordability around the world today. It explores how system drivers and household energy consumption influence the makeup of energy bills and opens a…
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Coal
Global coal demand to remain on a plateau in 2025 and 2026
Despite unusual trends across several major markets in the first half of 2025, global coal demand is likely to remain broadly unchanged to 2027 as underlying structural drivers of the world’s coal use remain stable.
Global coal demand increased to a new all-time high in 2024 of around 8.8 billion tonnes, up 1.5% from 2023, as rising consumption in China, India, Indonesia and other emerging economies more than offset declines in advanced economies in Europe, North America and northeast Asia. However, several of those…
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Chile 2050 Energy Transition Roadmap Executive summary
Chile’s natural resource endowment is key to its growth and to global security Chile has achieved a sustained economic growth and poverty reduction trajectory. Its economy has grown steadily at an annual average rate of 2.6% since 2010. Mining remains the backbone of the economy, with copper and related industries accounting for around 50% of export earnings and 12% of GDP. Diversification efforts have increased exports of agricultural products, wine, forestry goods and seafood, but mining continues to dominate Chile’s economic landscape. While this dependence exposes Chile to global commodity cycles, it also positions the country to…
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Natural Gas
The coming LNG wave is set to profoundly transform the global gas market
Global gas markets, which have been tight and volatile for several years, are set to undergo major changes by the end of this decade. The unfolding coming wave of liquefied natural gas (LNG) production capacity is set to rebalance the global gas market, enhance energy supply security and improve the affordability of natural gas.
About 300 billion cubic metres (bcm) per year of LNG export capacity – a record – is set to be added by 2030, primarily supported by liquefaction capacity additions in the United States and Qatar…
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Thailand
Thailand’s energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on natural gas to enhance energy security. With the costs reduction of variable renewable energy, conventional Thai power generation starts giving way to alternative sources. The country’s energy policy must evolve to accommodate this change.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
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