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Tajikistan
Hydropower is the main source of energy in Tajikistan, followed by imported oil, gas and coal. However, Tajikistan's energy sector is prone to supply shocks, due to seasonal shortages. Energy policy focuses on providing uninterrupted energy access to all users while improving regional co‑operation and energy sector efficiency, but significant domestic and foreign investment will be necessary for continued energy sector development. Tajikistan is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policymaking for the energy sector.
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Tajikistan Flag]()
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Electricity 2026
Global power demand growth continues to rise rapidly as the Age of Electricity gathers pace, supported by the increasing electrification of industry, transportation, and the buildings sectors. Growing consumption is also coming from some of the most dynamic segments of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres, and evolving technological innovations.Against this backdrop, Electricity 2026 – the IEA’s annual report on global electricity systems and markets – provides in-depth analysis of the recent trends and policy developments underpinning this new era. It includes forecasts for electricity demand, supply and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for select countries, by…
- Executive summary
- Demand
- Supply
- Grids
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+ 4 pages
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Energy Management for Industry
Driving efficiency implementation This report demonstrates the value of energy management for industry and governments. It illustrates how more systematic approaches to energy efficiency can contribute to ensure continual, durable, and increasing improvements that support competitiveness and energy security. It shows how new advances in energy management, such as increased digitalisation and artificial intelligence, can provide further benefits at speed and at scale. Building on best practices and innovative approaches, the report provides policy guidance on effective policy packages, giving insights into possible actions for policy makers irrespective of the maturity of existing programmes.
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Shipping
Shipping
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Lithuania
Lithuania has undergone several energy transitions over the past decade. Despite importing a large share of its electricity, the country successfully ended its reliance on Russian energy imports in March 2022. Along with its neighbours, Estonia and Latvia, Lithuania disconnected from the Russian electricity system and completed the synchronisation of its grid with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) in February 2025. By 2030, Lithuania aims to shift from being an electricity importer to becoming a net exporter. Although the country’s energy consumption still depends heavily on imported fossil fuels, the share of bioenergy in the domestic energy supply…
- Overview
- Energy mix
- Emissions
- Electricity
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+ 5 pages
![Lithuania Flag]()
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Aluminium
Aluminium
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The next wave of LED lighting: Smarter, circular and more efficient
lighting commentary The first LED revolution reduced energy use worldwide – and a second wave of deployment is now taking shape As the world enters the Age of Electricity, lighting remains one of the most visible – and widespread – parts of our energy use.The IEA estimates that lighting in buildings and outdoor applications accounts for the majority of overall lighting electricity demand. In 2024, around 8% of global electricity demand – or about 2 200 terawatt hours (TWh) – was attributed to lighting in buildings and outdoor applications, excluding industry and agriculture. These figures reflect the latest available data and define the scope…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2025
Global Hydrogen Review 2025 The Global Hydrogen Review is an annual publication by the International Energy Agency that tracks hydrogen production and demand worldwide, shedding light on the latest developments on policy, infrastructure, trade, investments and innovation. The report is an output of the Clean Energy Ministerial Hydrogen Initiative and is intended to provide an update to energy sector stakeholders on the status and future prospects of hydrogen, and to inform discussions at the Hydrogen Energy Ministerial Meeting organised by Japan.The sector has progressed significantly since the first publication of the Global Hydrogen Review in 2021. Low-emissions hydrogen…
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Support for disruptive innovation for renewables and nuclear
As part of the France 2030 initiative, a national investment plan for low-carbon technologies, France has announced a targeted EUR 2 billion intervention. This initiative aims to help innovators become new market entrants by 2030 in areas of renewable energy. The focus includes solar PV technologies to support French industry, floating offshore wind, electricity grid management, and nuclear energy, such as Small Modular Reactors, through calls for proposals. The program also supports around 400 companies, aiding their projects with industrial potential in all renewable energy sectors, especially those involving highly innovative technologies, but also certain existing technologies.
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Bonus-Malus: vehicle CO2 bonus and penalty system
Implemented in France since January 2008, this is an incentive to purchase vehicles that emit the least CO2. On purchase, a bonus is paid to people acquiring vehicles that emit less than 105g CO2/km (threshold valid on 1st January 2013). Conversely, a purchase tax ("malus") applies to cars that emit over 135g CO2/km (idem). The bonus ceiling for electric vehicles was raised from €5,000 to €7,000 in 2012, up to a limit of 30% of the total cost of the vehicle including tax; that relating to hybrid vehicles has been doubled to €4,000, up to…
