• Country

        Nigeria

        Nigeria is the largest economy and the richest oil resource centre of the African continent. The country also remains the largest gas consumer and producer of West Africa. Notable power sector reforms are underway in Nigeria, including plans for electrification.

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        • Country

        Austria

        Austria is committed to reaching climate neutrality by 2040. Over three quarter of electricity generation already comes from renewables, with a target of achieving a 100% renewable electricity supply by 2030 (national balance). This requires investments to make networks more resilient and flexible, optimise demand side management, and updating the legal and regulatory framework to allow more consumer participation. Buildings and transport account for around half of total emissions . To progress the transition in these sectors, the government supports building renovation, switching from fossil fuels to sustainable heating systems, the electrification of transport and invests in public transport infrastructure.

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        • Country

        Peru

        Peru’s government identified the development of electricity from renewable energy sources as a public necessity of national interest. The country established a National Renewable Energy Development Plan to be funded by the Annual Budget Law, external debt operations, direct investments and contributions from international institutions.

        Peru Flag

        • Country

        Mozambique

        In Mozambique, around 40% of people have access to electricity, through the grid or mini/off-grid systems. The government has promoted solar PV solutions in rural areas, reporting that 700 schools and 800 other public buildings now have electricity from solar.

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        • Country

        Congo

        In Congo, 3 out of 5 people do not have access to electricity. As a country with a very low population density, Congo faces particularly severe challenges in bringing energy of any kind to its rural communities.

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        • Energy system

        Space Cooling

        Country and regional highlights
        Updated energy efficiency standards and new policies target emissions associated with space cooling
        CO2 emissions
        Progress on efficiency and power decarbonisation have not been sufficient to curb emissions growth from rising space cooling demand
        Energy
        In 2022 energy consumption for space cooling further increased by more than 5% from 2021
        Activity
        Technology deployment
        Innovation
        Supporting infrastructure
        Policy
        International collaboration

        Cooling Jpg

        • Energy system

        Rail

        Country and regional highlights
        Europe targets modernisation of the rail network and India rapid electrification, while China is expanding its network with a focus on high-speed rail
        CO2 emissions
        Rail is the least emissions-intensive mode of passenger transport – its expansion will help reduce overall emissions
        Energy
        Expansion of electric trains continues rapidly in the NZE Scenario, particularly to replace diesel-powered freight trains
        Activity
        Innovation
        Policy
        Acknowledgements

        Rail Jpg

        • Sector

        Industry

        …carbon price.Ideally, governments would make efforts to apply mandatory policies globally at a similar level, but if the strength of international action differs, measures such as carbon border adjustments could be considered in order to help prevent carbon leakage. Further participation in multilateral fora is needed to negotiate sectoral agreements and provide international finance to assist the transition in developing economies.
        Manage existing assets and near-term investments in order to create a smooth energy transition
        The next investment cycle could have an enormous impact on the trajectory of emissions from industry in the next three decades, and action…

        • Country

        The Netherlands

        …have been introduced to support achievement of this goal. A competitive auctions process awards subsidies to renewables, hydrogen and carbon capture, based on avoided CO2 emissions. An offshore wind roadmap is driving rapid deployment and aims for 11.5 GW of capacity by 2030, while strong innovation programmes support deployment of key decarbonisation technologies. Electricity from solar has experienced an impressive growth, with the Netherlands ranking among the top countries in the world for installed PV capacity per capita. The Netherlands will need to closely monitor it efforts and ensure that policies and infrastructure continue to support strong emissions reductions.

        The Netherlands Flag

        • Energy system

        Behavioural Changes

        Country and regional highlights
        Governments have supported or mandated behavioural changes in buildings and on roads
        CO2 emissions
        Behavioural changes can quickly reduce CO2 emissions
        Activity
        Growth in activity is inevitable as economies develop and populations increase, but behavioural changes can help to offset these increases
        Policy
        Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the resulting energy crisis have increased the salience of behavioural changes

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