-
Portugal 2026
…Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Portugal and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Portugal’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Portugal's leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future.
-
Korea 2025
…was prepared in partnership between the Government of Korea and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Korea’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Korea’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future. Translation
-
World Energy Investment 2025 How we track investment in energy
…data for energy demand, supply and trade, and estimates of unit capacity costs, analysis of which benefits from extensive interaction with industry. By default, investment data are given in year 2024 US dollars, adjusted using country-level gross domestic product (GDP) deflators and 2024 exchange rates. Unless otherwise stated, all time series and historical comparisons are presented in real 2024 US dollar terms, adjusted for inflation.This investment approach mirrors real-world practices and aligns with capital expenditure in financial reporting. In reality, time lags and varied spending occur between FID and project operation. Where possible, financial and energy performance…
-
Lithuania 2025
…was prepared in partnership between the Government of Lithuania and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Lithuania’s most pressing energy sector challenges and provide recommendations on how to address them, backed by international best practices. The report also highlights areas where Lithuania’s leadership can serve as an example in promoting secure and clean energy transitions. It also promotes the exchange of best practices among countries to foster learning, build consensus and strengthen political will for a sustainable and affordable energy future. Translation
-
The energy crisis creates even stronger impetus for EU electrification
…when electricity costs more per unit of energy than the fuel they replace – i.e. a ratio greater than one. EU countries today face very different price ratios. These differences are driven by historical choices in energy system design, energy taxation, and natural resources. They differ not only between countries, but also within them, as subsidies, taxes, and grid connection fees can vary substantially between industrial and household consumers. Averaging across these users, countries with lower price ratios typically see higher rates of electrification and per capita electricity demand. There is no single energy price ratio at which electrification technologies…
-
Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
Electricity demand growth surged in 2024 Global electricity demand increased by 4.3% in 2024, a step change from the 2.5% growth seen in 2023. The average pace of electricity demand growth from 2010 to 2023 was 2.7%, double the rate of total energy demand growth over the same period. Electrification picked up across sectors, raising electricity demand in most major economies in 2024. China accounted for the largest share of electricity consumption growth, but increases were seen globallyAlmost all regions saw an acceleration in the rate of electricity consumption growth in 2024 compared with the annual average…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 3 pages
-
Why the growth of energy service companies is uneven globally
…Europe meanwhile experienced a modest contraction in 2024, remaining close to pre-2020 levels. However, some countries are showing renewed dynamism. In Poland, more than 130 energy cooperatives adopted ESCO business models in 2025 – double the previous year. In Italy, where 900 companies are certified as ESCOs, average market revenues increased by over 78% in the past three years.Overall, ESCO markets scale up where policy frameworks are durable, procurement rules are aligned with performance contracting, and projects are implemented through standardised processes. In markets lacking these conditions, high transaction costs, contractual complexity and policy uncertainty continue to limit demand…
-
World Energy Outlook 2025 Regional insights
…This chapter explores energy sector trends and priorities in countries and regions that cumulatively account for around 90% of the world’s population, GDP and energy demand. Priorities, objectives and national circumstances vary widely between and within regions, but two trends that are visible in most parts of the world are a rise in the electrification of end-uses, and a rise in the share of renewables in electricity generation. Energy trends in advanced economies are shaped by the structure of their economies, and by high average incomes and rates of vehicle and appliance ownership. Overall energy demand typically has…
-
The next wave of LED lighting: Smarter, circular and more efficient
…revolution reduced energy use worldwide – and a second wave of deployment is now taking shape As the world enters the Age of Electricity, lighting remains one of the most visible – and widespread – parts of our energy use.The IEA estimates that lighting in buildings and outdoor applications accounts for the majority of overall lighting electricity demand. In 2024, around 8% of global electricity demand – or about 2 200 terawatt hours (TWh) – was attributed to lighting in buildings and outdoor applications, excluding industry and agriculture. These figures reflect the latest available data and define the scope of the analysis presented in…
-
Gas Market Report, Q3-2025
…in 2024. Europe’s liquefied natural gas (LNG) imports are expected to reach an all-time high in 2025, supported by stronger storage injections, higher domestic demand and lower piped gas supplies from Russia. In contrast, China’s LNG imports are forecast to fall amid weaker natural gas demand and strong competition from Europe for flexible LNG cargoes. Geopolitical tensions have continued to fuel price volatility, while adding to the unusually wide range of uncertainties that could affect this report’s short-term forecasts. The conflict between Israel and Iran highlighted the Middle East’s important role in energy security…
