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Net Zero Emissions
…the energy sector to achieve this goal at the global level by mid-century. An update to the Roadmap, which has served as an essential benchmark for policy makers, industry, the financial sector and civil society, was published in 2023.The Roadmap is based on the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario, which portrays a pathway for the global energy sector to achieve net zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050 while maintaining energy security. This scenario is consistent with keeping long-term global warming to 1.5 °C with limited overshoot. It also aims to meet key energy…
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Energy Efficiency 2024 How is the dumping of inefficient equipment affecting efficiency progress?
…data shows that between emerging markets alone the differences are very large. For example, the median efficiency of air conditioners in the sub-Saharan Africa region is only 3.1 W/W, while it is 4.7 in Southeast Asia, close to the 5‑6.5 W/W the NZE Scenario foresees by 2030. At the same time, household budgets for the purchase and use of appliances differ strongly due to global wealth and income inequalities. The result is that access to efficient appliances that reduce household energy expenditure is very unevenly distributed.In addition, lower efficiency equipment, both new and second-hand…
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Portugal 2026 Executive summary
…two interconnected energy systems that are moving in opposite directions: one is based on renewables and electrification and must scale up rapidly; the other is a legacy fossil fuel system that must decline in an orderly way to avoid stranded assets and price shocks. Electricity is becoming the central pillar of energy security and the main driver of emissions reductions.Portugal has established an ambitious direction for its energy transition through a series of strategic policy documents centred on the National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP). The NECP sets ambitious 2030 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction targets that aim to…
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World Energy Investment 2025 India
…to increases in commercial and residential space, a surge in ownership of air conditioners and appliances, and rising demand from industry. India has seen the third-largest growth in power generation capacity in the world after China and the United States over the past five years. While growth in power generation has come from all sources, there has been a surge in investment in renewables, led by solar PV, which constitutes more than half of total non-fossil investment over this period. In 2024, 83% of power sector investment went to clean energy. India was also the world’s largest…
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Gas Market Lessons from the 2022-2023 Energy Crisis Conclusion and lessons learned
Market environment is structurally and geopolitically more fragile One of the primary and most fundamental consequences of the energy crisis is the shift into a structurally more fragile natural gas market environment, compounded by geopolitical uncertainty. The drastic reduction in Russian pipeline flows to Europe also represented a loss of traded gas volumes in the global market. Concurrently, this drove an equally significant reduction in the availability of swing production capacity that had previously provided a degree of price-responsive supply modulation to both the European and global markets. In turn, this led to an increased reliance on LNG trade…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Summary of results
…setting (“Targets”), 2) strategies for implementation (“Strategies”), and 3) disclosure and reporting (“Disclosure”). Target setting comprises six metrics related to emissions reductions and investment in clean energy. All the signatories to the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC) are assumed to have the aim of achieving these targets. Strategies for implementation comprise eight metrics that describe steps companies can take to achieve these targets; and disclosure and reporting comprises 11 metrics allowing stakeholders to assess how companies publicly report information relevant to achieving the OGDC goals.Each company was awarded 1 point for meeting a metric in full, 0.5 for partially meeting…
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The Value of Demand Flexibility Executive summary
…the growing use of AI tools, are further enhancing the ability to deploy flexibility effectively.This policy brief, part of the 3DEN Initiative, presents a concise framework for understanding demand flexibility and its value across the energy system, highlighting that it can:Enhance power system efficiency. Flexibility and efficiency reinforce each other, as flexibility enables more efficient grid operation, while efficient buildings and smart equipment expand the scope for cost-effective demand shifting. By improving the use of existing generation and network assets, demand flexibility can raise system efficiency by up to 30% and deliver greater value.Strengthen energy security…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Investment and innovation
…for hydrogen continued to fall in 2025, both in absolute terms and as a share of energy VC, down from a 13% peak in 2023 to 4% in 2025. Aviation attracted the largest share of hydrogen VC, with almost 25%.Hydrogen company valuations are being driven to new highs by one firm, while returns show modest signs of stabilisation and recovery. Bloom Energy stands out, adding almost USD 80 billion in market capitalisation in the past year, as surging electricity demand from AI data centres and long gas turbine backlogs boost prospects for its fuel cells, albeit initially running on natural gas…
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World Energy Investment 2025 Japan and Korea
…of maintaining energy security. Korea’s 11th Basic Plan for Electricity Supply and Demand highlighted the importance of energy security to meet the country’s rapid increase in electricity demand spurred by advanced industries such as artificial intelligence (AI) data centres, semiconductors, and chip and battery manufacturing. Policy initiatives such as Japan’s capacity market operations and Korea’s 20% reserve margin targets, along with public–private co‑operation, will play a critical role in meeting the growth in electricity demand.In the next decade, promoting renewable power will be crucial for securing energy supplies and increasing domestic energy supply to…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025 Understanding methane emissions
…years, compared with centuries – but it absorbs much more energy while it remains in the atmosphere. Methane also affects air quality because it can lead to ground-level (tropospheric) ozone, a dangerous pollutant. Methane leaks also present explosion risks. The latest Global Methane Budget estimates annual global methane emissions to be around 610 Mt, with human activity responsible for almost two‑thirds of the total and natural sources accounting for the rest. IEA analysis suggests that the energy sector was responsible for around 145 Mt of methane emissions in 2024 – more than 35% of the total amount attributable to human activity…
