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Brazil 2025 Executive summary
…The country has introduced a comprehensive National Energy Transition Policy (PNTE) aimed at achieving net zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2050, supported by the Energy Transition Plan (PLANTE) and the Energy Transition Forum (FONTE). In 2024, the country also launched the Low-Carbon Hydrogen Law, the Brazilian Greenhouse Gas Emissions Trading System Law, the Fuel of the Future Law and the Energy Transition Acceleration Program, further boosting momentum for the energy transition. These initiatives seek to balance economic development with sustainability while ensuring energy security, social inclusion and technological advancement.Brazil’s energy transition is guided by long-term planning…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Setting the scene
…greater fragmentation and increased geopolitical rivalry could have major implications for energy-related trade flows. These uncertainties underscore the value of supply diversification and resilient supply chains, notably for critical minerals. Energy policies continue to evolve. The United States enhanced its backing for domestic fossil fuels and nuclear energy, while cutting support for wind, solar and electric vehicles. Many other countries also launched new policy initiatives in the last year, including a boost in policies designed to enhance energy security. Meanwhile, major gaps persist in the world’s provision of energy: 730 million people still lack access to electricity and nearly…
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Investment
…dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. This initiative includes a dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. Globally, energy investment by governments, households and businesses is expected to reach a new high of $3.3 trillion in 2025. How this spending is allocated has major consequences for energy security…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Understanding GEC Model scenarios
…approach relying on the Global Energy and Climate (GEC) Model to examine future energy trends.Each scenario has the same starting point and is based on the latest data for energy supply and demand, markets, technology costs and policies, as well as the same pathways for future population and economic growth.The energy system described and explored in each scenario evolves in a distinctive pathway that delivers energy services with a different mix of technologies and fuels, with varying implications for energy security, affordability and emissions. This is primarily due to differing assumptions about how energy policies are implemented and…
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Renewables 2022 Renewable heat
…CO2 emissions rose by almost 0.6 Gt CO2 to 14.1 Gt CO2, representing 39% of global energy-related CO2 emissions.The rise in policy attention renewable heat is gaining worldwide is due not only to environmental considerations but to acute energy security concerns in the context of the current global energy crisis. Major recent heat-related policy updates include the US Inflation Reduction Act passed in August 2022, which allocates an estimated USD 22 billion (out of an estimated USD 369 billion for overall energy and climate change spending) for home energy supply improvements. The bill includes substantial rebates (of up to…
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Southeast Asia Energy Outlook 2024 Executive summary
…and Thailand of 2065. While momentum is building for clean energy transitions across the region, far greater efforts are needed to get on track for these national goals, which would mean cutting today’s emissions by almost two-thirds by 2050. Aligning with the targets agreed at COP28 and achieving global net zero emissions by mid-century would demand an even faster transformation in Southeast Asia.At a time of heightened geopolitical tensions, energy security and affordability remain top priorities for Southeast Asia. The recent global energy crisis highlighted the region’s vulnerability to fuel price shocks, with fossil fuel…
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Renewables for Industry Executive summary
…heat electrification. This linkage between industrial electricity demand and growing renewable generation is becoming an important driver of decarbonisation across industrial sectors. It contributes to greater system flexibility, strengthens energy security by reducing dependence on fossil fuel imports, and fosters economic growth, industrialisation and employment. Low-temperature industrial heat and steam are ready for electrification, but market conditions are not yet in place Improving energy efficiency is the foundational step in preparing for the electrification of low-temperature heat and steam. Energy efficiency measures lower overall heat demand, reduce losses and thereby enable smaller, more cost-effective electrification solutions. In…
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State of Energy Policy 2026 Executive summary
…crises of the 1970s.While no single narrative defines the shifts seen in 2025 in energy policy, the cost of living, competitiveness and resilient supply chains emerged as central themes alongside long-standing policy priorities relating to energy security, efficiency and sustainability. State of Energy Policy 2026 draws on the IEA’s Global Energy Policies Hub, which tracks more than 6 500 measures across 84 countries and more than 200 policy types, highlighting where recent policy changes represent a major shift from longer-term policy trends. Foundations laid since the 1970s have strengthened the world’s ability to respond to energy supply shocks…
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Germany 2025 Executive summary
… decarbonising heating in buildings; and 3) expanding the role of hydrogen in the energy system. It emphasises the need for long-term policy stability, targeted demand creation, infrastructure development, integrated planning and streamlined permitting to successfully advance Germany’s energy transition.Germany’s transition is crucial not only to meet its climate goals, but also for its energy security and economic competitiveness. It is targeting a 65% reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030 (from 1990 levels) and climate neutrality by 2045, with the long-standing Energiewende strategy guiding the evolution of its energy system. While this has supported…
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World Energy Outlook 2022 Outlook for electricity
…accelerates clean energy transitions. Renewables in electricity generation rise from 28% in 2021 to about 50% by 2030 and 80% by 2050. Unabated coal falls to just 3% in 2050. Solar PV capacity additions expand from 151 gigawatts (GW) in 2021 to 370 GW in 2030 and almost 600 GW in 2050, while wind capacity additions double to 210 GW in 2030 and rise to 275 GW in 2050. Recent events, market conditions and policies are shifting views on natural gas and limiting its role, while underlining the potential for nuclear power to cut emissions and strengthen electricity security.Electricity…
