• Energy system

        Nuclear Power

        A new era for nuclear energy beckons as projects, policies and investments increase
        As the world’s second-largest source of low-emissions electricity after hydropower, nuclear power today produces just under 10% of global electricity supply. Now, fresh momentum around the world has the potential to open a new era for nuclear energy.
        Power generation from the global fleet of nearly 420 active nuclear reactors is set to reach a record high in 2025 as Japan restarts production, maintenance works are completed in France, and new reactors begin commercial operations in various markets, including China, Europe, India and Korea…

        Nuclear Jpg

        • Country

        South Africa

        Coal is the mainstay of the South African energy system, meeting around 70% of installed power generation capacity. The 2019 Integrated Resource Plan however sets out a long-term diversification of the power mix by 2030 and moves towards lightening the carbon footprint of the energy sector while meeting growing energy demand and ensuring a socio-economically just transition. While the options to diversify the country's electricity mix appear diverse, the affordability of electricity supply looms as a key concern and a potential constraint on diversification. The structure of consumption and of spending on electricity is skewed towards higher…

        South Africa Flag

        • Country

        Ukraine

        Ukraine is a key country for European and global energy security. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has pushed it to fundamentally reshape its past dependence on energy imports from Russia.
        As the invasion continues, Ukraine is focused on tracking large-scale energy supply disruptions and actively working to recover power and heating for civilians. It is also putting together an ambitious recovery and reconstruction plan, with a strong focus on energy security. In the medium-term, Ukraine’s energy strategy remains focused on European integration, while it aims to an energy system that is ready for a Net Zero future…

        Ukraine Flag

        • Country

        Jamaica

        The government of Jamaica adopted a national Energy Policy in 2010 , which establishes a goal of 20% of renewable energy in the energy mix by 2030. This Strategic Framework also addresses both the supply and demand energy issues that the country faces.

        Jamaica Flag

        • Country

        Viet Nam

        In recent years, Viet Nam has increased its non-hydro renewable capacity targets in its power development plan, from 9.4% to 21% of total installed capacity in 2030, and decreased the share of coal-fired capacity from 52% to 43%.

        Viet Nam Flag

        • Country

        Nepal

        Almost the totality of the electricity generated in Nepal comes from hydropower. Most of the energy supply is from biofuels and waste as 21 million people still rely on traditional biomass for cooking. In 2000, 81% did not have access to electricity but with remarkable efforts from the government, only 6% of the population remain without access today.

        Nepal Flag

        • Country report

        • May 2026

        Portugal 2026

        Energy Policy Review Government action plays a pivotal role in ensuring secure and sustainable energy transitions. Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Portugal and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive…

        Photo depicting aerial view of the center of Porto and the Dom Luis bridge shutterstock 2478638959

        • Country

        Mauritius

        The energy mix in Mauritius is dominated by coal and oil. Almost 10% of the country's final energy consumption is generated by modern renewable sources of energy – a share that has gradually decreased for the past 20 years.

        Mauritius Flag

        • Country

        Croatia

        Croatia's National Energy Strategy 2009-2020 has three basic objectives: increase security of energy supply, develop competitive energy system and ensure sustainable energy sector development. These objectives are particularly important for the country, as it is heavily dependent on energy imports, resulting in its vulnerability to energy prices fluctuations.

        Croatia Flag

        • Country

        Italy

        Italy aims for carbon neutrality by 2050 and is on track to reach its 2030 targets for emissions reductions and energy efficiency, aiming to reach 30% of renewables in total energy consumption and 55% of renewables in electricity generation. The country has experienced notable growth in the renewable energy sector and has successfully integrated large volumes of variable renewable generation. Natural gas is a major source for electricity and heating, therefore Italy has strengthened its energy security by diversifying natural gas supply, making use of the pipeline and LNG infrastructure that it has built up over the last decade. Reducing…

        Italy Flag
      Prev
      Next