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Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Overview of outlook for key minerals
Demand for critical minerals continues to rise across all scenarios, driven by the rapid deployment of energy technologies Demand for key energy minerals is set to grow rapidly across all scenarios, with the largest source of growth coming from the energy sector. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), lithium grows fivefold from today to 2040, while graphite and nickel demand double. Demand for cobalt and rare earth elements also grows strongly, increasing 50-60% by 2040. Copper is the material with the largest established market, and its demand is projected to grow by 30% over the same period. Battery deployment…
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Valeria Arroyave Cardozo
Project Manager. Valeria Arroyave Cardozo is a Project Manager at the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), where she leads the Energy Efficiency for Livelihoods in Africa (EELA) Regional Project. The initiative focuses on transforming markets for energy-efficient appliances and services through enhanced policies, increased investments, and the development of sustainable local value chains.Since joining UNIDO in 2021, she has contributed to global efforts in sustainable cooling, energy efficiency, and the critical minerals supply chain, supporting the broader clean energy transition. Previously, Valeria spent five years at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), specializing in climate transparency and strengthening national capacities to meet climate commitments through Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reporting.She holds an engineering degree and a Master of Public Administration and Sustainable Management. V...
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Alexandre Silveira de Oliveira
Minister of Mines and Energy.
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Zoe Hungerford
Former Energy Analyst.
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Alessandro Blasi
Senior Advisor to the Executive Director. Alessandro Blasi provides strategic support to the IEA Executive Director on various topics. He is in charge of assigned priority projects and maintaining relationships with the private sector. Before he co-lead work on IEA’s World Energy Investment Report and contributed as a senior analyst to the World Energy Outlook.
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Climate Pledges Explorer
From policy ambition to real action, the IEA’s latest interactive database provides country and regional outlooks on climate commitments and net zero pledges
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Kim Fausing
Chief Executive Officer.
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Petr Havlik
Leader of the Integrated Biosphere Futures Research Group at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis.
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Paulina Hennig-Kloska
Ministry of Climate and Environment.
