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Pledges to Progress 2025 Pledges to Progress Company Assessment
…of target-setting, implementation strategies and disclosure, based on a framework put together by the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Environment Programme’s International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO), and the Environmental Defense Fund. Companies may not need to undertake every strategy in the framework in order to meet their targets.Working cooperatively with the companies and the OGDC Secretariat, the goal is to provide transparency on the actions taken to achieve Oil and Gas Decarbonisation Charter and where the pathway to improved performance lies. It covers a broad range of companies, not only those that are Charter signatories.
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Global Energy and Climate Model Current Policies Scenario (CPS)
The 2025 edition of the World Energy Outlook (WEO) reintroduces the Current Policies Scenario (CPS). It was a regular feature of the International Energy Agency suite of scenarios until the WEO-2020, when it was discontinued amid turmoil in energy markets and rapid changes in the policy landscape during the Covid-19 pandemic. Now that the world has passed through the pandemic and the global energy crisis triggered at the outset of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, there is merit in revisiting the CPS. The scenario relies only on measures that are formally written into existing legislation and regulation, and…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Macro drivers
Overview The Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC Model) uses macro drivers, techno-economic inputs and policies as input data to design and calculate the scenarios. The values for the different data categories and scenarios used in the GEC Model 2025 can be downloaded here.Economic activity and population are the two fundamental drivers of demand for energy services in GEC Model scenarios. Unless otherwise specified, these are kept constant across all scenarios as a means of providing a starting point for the analysis and facilitating the interpretation of the results. The projections are based on the average retail prices…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025 Executive summary
…highlighting the importance of developing its hydrogen market so that it is closely integrated with neighbouring markets.Altogether, Northwest European countries have ambition to develop as much as 30 to 35 GW of electrolyser capacity by 2030. However, recent market developments, inflation and cost increases could drive countries to further adjust their targets and/or delay the implementation of low-emissions hydrogen projects. Greater policy attention is required on demand creation Hydrogen demand in Northwest European currently stands at around 3 million tonnes (Mt) per year, making up 3% of total global demand. Unabated natural gas is the primary source of hydrogen supply…
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Global Energy and Climate Model Techno-economic inputs
…values provided); cost of fuel inputs; plus operation and maintenance. Economic lifetime assumptions are 25 years for solar PV, and onshore and offshore wind.Weighted average cost of capital (WACC) assumptions reflect market data and survey information provided through the Cost of Capital Observatory, with a range of 4-7% for utility-scale solar PV and onshore wind and 5-8% for offshore wind. A standard WACC was assumed for nuclear power, coal- and gas-fired power plants (8-9% based on the stage of economic development).The value-adjusted LCOE (VALCOE) is a metric for competitiveness for power gen...
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Global EV Outlook 2026 Manufacturing and trade
Manufacturing and trade of electric cars Global electric car output reached record levels in 2025 while European production rebounded Nearly 22 million electric cars were produced globally in 2025 – up more than 25% compared to the previous year. Of those, about one-quarter were traded between major production and demand centres. China remains the world’s largest hub for manufacturing and trade of electric cars, capturing nearly 75% and 40% of the respective global totals. Primarily led by domestic carmakers, China’s 2025 production of 16 million electric cars outstripped domestic demand by 20%, pushing Chinese electric car exports to double to…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap Taking stock of the effect of war
…needed. Foreign grants and development finance may be a source of public support for hydrogen projects, but will face competing needs for restoration elsewhere in the energy system. Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine has had a profound impact on the country. This chapter takes stock of the effects related to hydrogen, including demand for existing applications like ammonia and refining, as well as considering how future applications like steel have been affected. It also looks at the power sector, given that renewable hydrogen production needs a mature and well-functioning power market, and gas infrastructure that could potentia...
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Strategies to speed action
Making a business case for methane abatement Tackling methane emissions from fossil-fuel operations is one of the quickest and cheapest ways to curb global greenhouse gas emissions. Most of the methane abatement measures available today in the oil and gas sector would be cost-effective at a carbon price of about USD 20 per tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent (tCO2‑eq). Methane abatement has not caught on as widely as it could, for several reasons. Companies may underestimate of the scale of the problem or be unaware of the available solutions. Capital is often steered toward higher-profile projects, while corporate…
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Electricity 2026 Demand
…a paradigm shift. Traditionally, electricity use has closely tracked economic expansion, excluding periods of global financial crises. However, in a marked departure from the past, electricity demand is now expected to outpace economic growth on a global scale through 2030.While emerging economies continue to be the main pillars of growth in electricity use, demand in advanced economies is now rising again after a 15-year period of stagnation. The resurgence signals a new era in which electricity is a major energy input to some of the most dynamic drivers of global economies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), data centres…
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- Demand
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- Grids
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World Energy Investment 2025 China
…owned enterprises and characterised by large-scale infrastructure projects backed by government financing. However, the landscape is beginning to shift. In recent years the government has increasingly encouraged greater private sector participation in energy development. As part of its evolving strategy, China has explicitly encouraged the involvement of private enterprises in the energy sector beyond the fields of export-oriented clean energy manufacturing into areas of more strategic domestic importance, such as nuclear power, new energy storage and even into upstream oil and gas and mining. The Chinese government has facilitated private participation in more than 8 000 recommended projects in 2024.
