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Global Hydrogen Review 2025 Policies
…way to specific projects. Several programmes in the European Union, India, Japan and United Kingdom have progressed to the second phase or beyond, with new calls building on learning from the first phase.Almost 90% of the public funding comes from advanced economies; other policy instruments like land allocation, tax incentives and reduced administrative procedures remain more common among emerging markets. The supply side still receives more support, equal to USD 1.5 for every USD 1 targeting demand.Publication of new hydrogen strategies slowed down, with five new strategies since GHR-24. Some strategies were updated, such as in France, which reduced its…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Setting the scene
…defined outcomes. The Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario maps out an updated global pathway for the energy sector to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050. An additional scenario, the Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS), is introduced in this WEO, setting out a data-driven roadmap to achieve universal access to electricity and clean cooking. Global energy demand and emissions continue to grow Global demand has grown by nearly 60% since 2000, with all the increase coming in emerging market and developing economies. All major energy sources grew over the period. Energy technology d...
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Global Methane Tracker 2026 Addressing methane in the marketplace
…global methane emissions would fall by more than 12 million tonnes (Mt), or around 20% of total upstream oil and gas methane emissions. The real-world impact of a methane import standard would depend heavily on its design, enforcement and compliance. If import penalties are low relative to abatement costs, exporters and importers may choose not to comply. Alternatively, exporters could adjust trade flows (physically or via tradeable certificates) so that fuel with low-emissions intensity is directed to countries with an import standard, while higher-emission fuels are either consumed domestically or exported to unregulated markets. In this case…
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Global Energy Review 2025 Electricity
Electricity demand growth surged in 2024 Global electricity demand increased by 4.3% in 2024, a step change from the 2.5% growth seen in 2023. The average pace of electricity demand growth from 2010 to 2023 was 2.7%, double the rate of total energy demand growth over the same period. Electrification picked up across sectors, raising electricity demand in most major economies in 2024. China accounted for the largest share of electricity consumption growth, but increases were seen globallyAlmost all regions saw an acceleration in the rate of electricity consumption growth in 2024 compared with the annual average…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
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The Future of Electricity in the Middle East and North Africa Executive summary
…of its natural gas. At the same time, it is emerging as a major centre of electricity demand growth, driven by a rapidly expanding population, urbanisation, rising living standards, and accelerating climate pressures. Between 2000 and 2024, electricity demand tripled – increasing by more than 1 000 terawatt-hours (TWh). This made the MENA region the third-largest contributor to global electricity demand growth after China and India. Looking ahead, demand is projected to rise by another 50% by 2035, adding the equivalent of the current demand of Germany and Spain combined – with significant implications for global energy markets. Cooling and…
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Pledges to Progress 2025 Summary of results
… disclosure and reporting (“Disclosure”). Target setting comprises six metrics related to emissions reductions and investment in clean energy. All the signatories to the Oil and Gas Decarbonization Charter (OGDC) are assumed to have the aim of achieving these targets. Strategies for implementation comprise eight metrics that describe steps companies can take to achieve these targets; and disclosure and reporting comprises 11 metrics allowing stakeholders to assess how companies publicly report information relevant to achieving the OGDC goals.Each company was awarded 1 point for meeting a metric in full, 0.5 for partially meeting a metric, and 0 for not meeting a metric…
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Renewables 2022 Renewable heat
…to a lesser extent, cooking. The remainder is used in agriculture, primarily for greenhouse heating. The heating sector is largely dominated by fossil fuels, with renewable energy sources meeting less than one-quarter of global heat demand in 2021 (and the traditional use of biomass makes up half this amount).With the global economy rebounding in 2021, heat consumption increased by 4% year-on-year, exceeding the pre-pandemic level and reaching a record-high 219 EJ. Excluding the traditional use of biomass, modern renewables fuelled just 13% of this growth, leaving the share of modern renewables in global heat consumption…
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World Energy Outlook 2025 Current Policies Scenario
…increased use in emerging market and developing economies for road transport, petrochemical feedstocks, and aviation. Electric vehicle (EV) uptake stalls in regions lacking strong policy support: China and Europe are the main exceptions, and they see continued growth in EV sales. Global natural gas demand rises to 5 600 billion cubic metres by 2050: demand in the Middle East increases strongly, but developing economies in Asia are the largest source of demand growth, and their rising supply needs are met by new pipelines from Russia to China and by increased flows of liquefied natural gas. Oil and gas prices rise to 2050…
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Global Hydrogen Review 2026 Production
…any chance of being in operation by 2030 if investment decisions are not taken before the end of 2027.Electrolyser manufacturing is entering a consolidation phase, due to slow market development. China leads electrolysis manufacturing thanks to low costs and experience with large projects, but some signs of consolidation are also arising there, due to unsustainable domestic competition driven by excess capacity and offers below manufacturing costs. As a response, many manufacturers are looking to expand markets outside of China.In the near term, fossil-based production will remain less costly than renewable hydrogen in most parts of the world…
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Global EV Outlook 2025 Trends in the electric car industry
…Domestic carmakers were behind nearly 80% of the region’s total output, but there were contrasting trends among EU OEMs. While German OEMs marked a 5% year-on-year increase in their EU output, other EU OEMs (Stellantis and Renault) saw their regional production drop by over 15%, producing about 420 000 electric cars, or less than 20% of the region’s output. Meanwhile, there was a sixfold increase in EU production by US OEMs between 2021 and 2024, predominantly led by Tesla and Ford. This contributed to the share of foreign OEMs in EU production reaching about 20% in 2024…
