-
World Energy Outlook 2025 Overview and key findings
…reflected in the trajectories for fossil fuels. In the CPS, oil and natural gas demand continue to grow to mid-century, although coal goes into decline before 2030. In the STEPS, coal use peaks earlier than in the CPS and oil demand flattens by the end of the decade, but natural gas demand continues to grow into the 2030s, as a wave of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) exports brings downward pressure on prices. The emissions trajectory in the CPS is consistent with warming of almost 3 °C by 2100, whereas lower levels of emissions in the STEPS keep this to…
-
Sustainable Transport Policy for Armenia: A Roadmap Policy recommendations and milestones
…to lower CO2 emissions, improve transport accessibility for people and businesses, enhance regional and international connectivity and wean Armenia from its dependence on imported fossil fuels.In the summary below, the recommendations offered in this roadmap have been grouped into three categories to help the government prioritise its actions effectively and ensure a systematic transition toward low-carbon mobility. Each category reflects the level of urgency, impact and feasibility of the proposals:Critical Measures: These are high-priority actions essential for achieving energy and transport policy goals. They require immediate implementation and will have the greatest impact on emissions reduction…
-
World Energy Investment 2026 Regional dashboards
Despite the destabilising effect of the Middle East conflict, capital flows to the energy sector are expected to grow to USD 3.4 trillion in 2026, a 5% rise from 2025, mainly from China, the US, and the EU. Clean energy investment grows to USD 2.2 trillion, almost double that of fossil fuels. Investment in clean energy increases year-on-year by 7% in advanced economies and in China, while 4% in other emerging markets, reflecting regional differences with a shared focus on energy security.
-
Demand and Supply Measures for the Steel and Cement Transition Executive summary
…First mover producers of near-zero emissions materials are beginning to position themselves to compete in such markets, including through the development of definitions, certification and labelling systems for near-zero emissions steel and cement – in some cases through collaboration with government – like the Low Emissions Steel Standard initiated in Germany, the voluntary CO2 standard of the China Iron and Steel Association, and the Global Cement and Concrete Association’s definitions proposal. Yet, while progress is underway, it has not yet advanced at the speed and scale needed: announced capacity for near-zero emissions iron-based steel production and cement…
-
State of Energy Policy 2026 Executive summary
…compared with 11% in 2010. Disruptions resulting from the conflict in the Middle East have prompted the use of these emergency measures, including the collective action decision of 11 March 2026, which made 400 million barrels of oil from IEA emergency reserves available to the market. The current disruption has also triggered announcements of new and strengthened emergency storage capacity, notably in Indonesia and Viet Nam, as well as exceptional demand-restraint measures, including energy conservation campaigns, work‑from‑home policies and fuel rationing.Decades of policy efforts have diversified countries’ energy mixes and suppliers and improved efficiency. Fuel diversification efforts, also rooted in the energy...
-
Global Methane Tracker 2025 Accelerating industry action
…to minimise overall emissions. The gains are not solely environmental: fossil fuel operations with lower emissions intensity are likely to have an increasing commercial advantage over higher-emitting sources. Upstream operators can improve their emissions performance through cost-effective abatement programmes Credibly reducing emissions from upstream assets should be a top priority. Upstream operations are not just the main source of emissions in the oil and gas industry – they hold the greatest potential for cost-effective abatement. We estimate that around 25 Mt of methane emissions from upstream operations (40% of all upstream oil and gas methane emissions worldwide) could…
-
Global Energy Review 2026 Oil
…clearly in the second quarter of 2025 as trade turmoil weighed on international trade and disrupted key US exports to Chinese chemical plants. The full-year increase of 1.2% was well below the 2.6% recorded in 2024, when feedstocks accounted for the largest share of the overall rise in oil use.In 2025, the growth of oil products for transport fuels – which accounted for the largest share of oil product demand – was largely steady. Despite the year’s climate of macroeconomic uncertainty, overall economic performance remained broadly robust in most major markets, which supported growth in mobility demand…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages
-
Integrating Distributed Energy Resources in China Executive summary
…much additional capacity the grid can safely accommodate to better guide DER deployment. But the challenges ahead require more systemic reforms.The IEA’s three-pillar strategy, centred on modernising system operations, enabling progressive market integration and advancing regulatory reform, provides a pathway for China to integrate DERs securely and at scale by 2030, while also laying the foundations for longer-term system transformation. Informed by international experience from countries at the forefront of DER deployment, this approach can help China harness the full benefits of DERs and support its broader goal of a secure, affordable and low-carbon power...
-
Financing Clean Energy in Africa Mobilising capital for a sustainable future
Summary To mobilise the over USD 200 billion needed annually by 2030 under the Sustainable Africa Scenario (SAS), the full range of capital sources need to be deployed. Increasing concessional funding while simultaneously mobilising more private capital must be a priority; in parallel, strengthening domestic financial systems is vital to create sustainable long-term financing options.Despite their importance, the amount of concessional funds is not increasing in Africa. They are also failing to target some of the riskiest areas where they are most necessary, such as early-stage project financing, new technologies, and fragile or conflict-prone countries. It is urgent…
-
Global Energy Review 2026 Technology: Solar PV and wind
…to rush solar PV installations in the first half of the year, followed by a slowdown in the second half. In contrast, wind installations continued to accelerate in the latter half of 2025 as large-scale “mega‑base” projects outside the auction scheme were completed. In 2025, the European Union added nearly 85 GW of new renewable capacity, a record high and about 10% more than in 2024. Solar PV led the way with almost 70 GW installed. Germany added 17 GW, accounting for one‑quarter of total EU solar PV additions. Spain hit a record 14 GW of solar PV additions…
- Key findings
- Global trends
- Oil
- Natural gas
-
+ 9 pages