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Energy Security
…lessen in many parts of the world in the coming decades as clean energy transitions advance, the threat posed by oil supply disruptions will not disappear anytime soon.Even once global demand starts to decline structurally, oil will remain an important part of the energy mix for some time. There is also good reason to believe that oil supply disruptions are even more likely to occur in the coming decades than they are today. This is due to an elevated risk of supply-demand imbalances, increasing supply concentration for both crude oil and oil products, a highly uncertain geopolitical outlook…
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Russia's War on Ukraine
…the world’s capacity to produce renewable power is expanding at a remarkable place , while the popularity of clean technologies such as electric vehicles and heat pumps is surging. The biggest legacy of the global energy crisis triggered by Russia's invasion of Ukraine may be that it accelerates the end of the fossil fuel era - with IEA projections now showing that under today's policy settings, demand for oil, gas and coal is set to peak within the decade. The IEA is partnering with Ukraine as it bolsters its energy security The IEA and many of our member countries are…
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Climate Change
…world’s energy sector to reach net zero emissions by mid-century, limiting global warming to 1.5 °C, as called for by the Paris Agreement, and avoiding the worst effects of climate change.The rapid growth of some clean energy technologies in recent years – including electric cars, solar PV and batteries – has kept the door to 1.5 °C open. Yet meeting this target would require much faster progress on a much larger scale, IEA analysis shows – with even greater international co-operation and ambition from policy makers, as well as the swift and full implementation of the energy…
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Energy and Gender
…positions has been rising faster than the economy-wide average since 2015. Renewables and nuclear have seen particularly strong progress, while there have only been marginal gains in oil and gas supply, and coal witnessed declines. Women’s share of leadership roles in the energy sector now stands at 18% – up from 13% in 2015, but still below the economy-wide average of 25%. Nearly one in three people lack access to clean cooking, disproportionately affecting women and children Women disproportionately endure the negative consequences of a lack of access to clean cooking fuel supplies. In addition to health risks…
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COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes
…Action: How to implement the COP28 energy goals, explores the risks of partial implementation and discusses how countries can integrate the objectives set at COP28 into their next round of targets under the Paris Agreement.The sections below follow the energy targets laid out in Paragraph 28 of the COP28 Global Stocktake outcome (which can be found in full here). They show where the world currently stands in relation to these objectives, as well as where it would need to be in 2030 to meet them – and be on a pathway to net zero energy sector emissions by mid-century…
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Investment
…for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. This initiative includes a dashboard that offers free data on financing costs for clean energy projects, tools and analysis to help governments identify and address investment risks, and case studies showcasing successful strategies for mobilising capital. Globally, energy investment by governments, households and businesses is expected to reach a new high of $3.3 trillion in 2025. How this spending is allocated has major consequences for energy security, affordability and transitions around the world.The IEA…
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Access and Affordability
“An Affordable and Sustainable Energy System for Sub-Saharan Africa” (Energy Sub-Saharan Africa) is a five-year programme (2019-2024) funded by the European Union. It supports work with Benin, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda and Zambia, with the aim of promoting sustainable and inclusive economic growth through the transition towards a low-carbon and climate-resilient energy sector, while delivering universal and affordable energy access to all. Today, 730 million people around the world live without access to electricity, while over 2 billion people continue to rely on harmful cooking fuels…
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Energy and Water
…as well as climate change. This has significant implications for ensuring both energy and water security. Energy's water problem Energy demand for water desalination is poised to double to 2030 Almost all of the world’s water demand is met by groundwater and surface water. However, water stress has led to an increase in the use of non-traditional resources, such as saltwater. This requires desalination, the process of separating saline water (seawater or brackish water) into freshwater and concentrated salt. Global energy demand for desalination has nearly doubled since 2010, and current trends point to another doubling to…
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Net Zero Emissions
…first-of-its-kind Net Zero Roadmap in 2021, outlining what would be required within the energy sector to achieve this goal at the global level by mid-century. An update to the Roadmap, which has served as an essential benchmark for policy makers, industry, the financial sector and civil society, was published in 2023.The Roadmap is based on the IEA’s Net Zero Emissions (NZE) Scenario, which portrays a pathway for the global energy sector to achieve net zero carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions by 2050 while maintaining energy security. This scenario is consistent with keeping long-term global…
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Artificial Intelligence
…uncertainties remain, AI has the potential to transform the energy sector in the coming decade. It is set to drive a surge in electricity demand from data centres around the world while also unlocking significant opportunities to cut costs, enhance competitiveness and reduce emissions.To better understand the growing connections between energy and AI, the IEA launched a major new initiative in 2024: Energy for AI, and AI for Energy. As part of this work, the IEA organised the Global Conference on Energy and AI, a first-of-its-kind platform for dialogue among governments, the energy industry, the tech…