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Global EV Outlook 2025
…the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment, demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policy developments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles in different markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability, manufacturing and trade of electric cars and their batteries, and the total cost of ownership of electric heavy-duty trucks across various markets, and makes projections to 2030.The report is complemented by updated versions of two online tools: the Global EV Data Explorer and the Global EV Policy Explorer, which allow users to further explore EV statistics…
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Global EV Outlook 2026
…growing EV adoption for electricity and oil consumption, as well as greenhouse gas emissions.Amid the ongoing energy crisis sparked by the conflict in the Middle East, this edition includes early monthly data for 2026 and considers potential implications of the crisis for policy and market development. It also includes analysis of the affordability of electric cars and the manufacturing and trade of electric cars, trucks and their batteries, along with a special chapter on automotive technology trends related to software and artificial intelligence.The report is complemented by updated versions of two online tools: the Global EV Data Explorer…
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Manufacturing and Trade Model
…generate detailed sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios in IEA publications such as the World Energy Outlook and Global EV Outlook.The MaT model is part of the IEA’s broader modelling framework and is closely linked to the Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC), as it draws on the same modelling scenarios, each of which is built on a different set of underlying assumptions about how the energy system might evolve over time.Download the Manufacturing and Trade Model Documentation for a detailed description of modelling framework, inputs, assumptions, technical details and data sources used…
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Oil Market Report - May 2025
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world's most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights Global oil demand growth is projected to slow from 990 kb/d in 1Q25 to 650 kb/d for the remainder of the year as economic headwinds and record EV sales curb use. Demand growth averages 740 kb/d in 2025 and 760 kb/d in…
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Battery Circularity
…source of critical materials This report provides new evidence on global innovation trends for technologies related to battery recycling. Based on the EPO’s unique and comprehensive worldwide patent databases and the IEA’s expert insights into the key issues for battery technologies, the report presents the very latest data as a guide to decision makers from the public and private sectors. It sheds light on the main locations of patenting, the leading patentors in the world and the technology categories receiving the most innovation attention.More than one in four cars sold globally in 2025 was an electric vehicle…
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Global Energy and Climate Model
…2021, the IEA adopted for the first time a new hybrid modelling approach relying on the strengths of both models. The integrated framework of the IEA’s Global Energy and Climate Model (GEC Model) is now the principal tool used to generate detailed sector-by-sector and region-by-region long-term scenarios across IEA publications, including the World Energy Outlook series and Energy Technology Perspectives series.Download the GEC Model Methodology document for an in-depth description of the overall approach and features of the model, and download the GEC Model Key Input dataset for selected key input data.
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Cost of Capital Observatory
…economies, updated with 2023 and 2024 data in July and September 2025.A section with Tools and Analysis to help governments understand and quantify the main underlying risks perceived by investors and financiers in each country.Case Studies with lessons learnt of how policymakers, together with the private sector, development finance institutions and other entities managed to mitigate risks and mobilise capital for clean energy sectors across the emerging and developing world.We hope these resources will help drive policy changes that can lower financing costs in the parts of the world that most need it. Survey documentation Data documentation
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Overview graphic: key technology trends for EVs
…more compatible with digitalisation and automation. The relative simplicity of electric drivetrains enables shorter development cycles for new vehicles, allowing emerging technologies to reach BEVs sooner than vehicles with other powertrains.While the transition from mechanical to software-based vehicle control has been underway for decades, it has accelerated dramatically with the rise of EVs. Pure‑play EV makers have pioneered the shift towards high-level, continuously updateable software-based vehicle control, speeding up the development and rollout of new features. Vehicles are evolving into software platforms for which users can access subscription‑based premium features, in the same way as for…
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World Energy Outlook 2025
The IEA’s flagship World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the most authoritative source of global energy analysis and projections. Updated annually to reflect the latest energy data, technology and market trends, and government policies, it explores a range of possible energy futures and their implications for energy security, access and emissions. The WEO covers the whole energy system, using a scenario-based approach to highlight the central choices, consequences and contingencies that lie ahead. It includes exploratory scenarios that flow from different assumptions about existing policies, as well as normative pathways that achieve energy and emissions goals in full. The multi…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025
…human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker is an essential tool for raising awareness about methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down.The Tracker presents our latest sector-wide emissions estimates – based on the most recent data from satellites and measurement campaigns – and discusses different abatement options along with their associated costs. This 2025 update adds several new elements, including: country-level historical emissions data; an interactive tool to explore international methane initiatives; and estimates of emissions from abandoned fossil fuel facilities…
