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Assessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options
…emissions across the global liquefied natural gas (LNG) supply chain, including from upstream production, processing, and pipeline transmission to liquefaction, shipping, and regasification. It also discusses the significant emissions reductions that are technically feasible with today’s technologies including through methane abatement, electrification using low-emissions power, process efficiency improvements, and the elimination of routine flaring, as well as carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) for managing the naturally-occurring CO2 from LNG supply. Introduction Around 550 billion cubic metres (bcm) of natural gas were exported as liquefied natural gas (LNG) in 2024, just under 15% of global natural gas consumption…
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Oil Market Report - July 2025
…rise by 2.1 mb/d to 105.1 mb/d this year and by an additional 1.3 mb/d in 2026, with non-OPEC+ adding 1.4 mb/d and 940 kb/d, respectively.Following a 1.7 mb/d monthly increase in June, global refinery runs are set to rise by a further 2 mb/d over July and August, to reach a seasonal peak of 85.4 mb/d. Runs will increase by 500 kb/d in 2025 and 460 kb/d in 2026, to an average 83.3 mb/d and 83.8 mb/d…
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Stepping Up the Value Chain in Africa
Minerals, materials and manufacturing This report explores key opportunities for African countries to step up the value chain in the growing global market for energy technologies, identifying opportunities beyond a role centred around extraction and mining to one more focused on mineral beneficiation, material production and technology manufacturing. These opportunities would enable Africa to retain a greater share of the economic value generated across energy technology supply chains, and would simultaneously contribute to global efforts to enhance supply chain diversification and resilience.The economic benefits of the new energy economy are currently distributed very unevenly. Emerging markets and developing economies…
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Brazil 2025
…Energy policy is critical not just for the energy sector but also for meeting environmental, economic and social goals. Governments need to respond to their country’s specific needs, adapt to regional contexts and help address global challenges. In this context, the International Energy Agency (IEA) conducts Energy Policy Reviews to support governments in developing more impactful energy and climate policies.This Energy Policy Review was prepared in partnership between the Government of Brazil and the IEA. It draws on the IEA’s extensive knowledge and the inputs of expert peers from IEA Member countries to assess Brazil’s most…
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Unlocking Ukraine’s Hydrogen Opportunity: A Roadmap
Ukraine’s energy sector has been severely affected by the Russian Federation’s full-scale invasion. The power sector went from having a large capacity surplus before the war to a power deficit in 2024 due to Russia’s attacks. This has focused attention on energy security and restoring the reliability of supply. Hydrogen demand from conventional applications in refining and ammonia has also plunged, falling 80%, with most of these assets in southern Ukraine, where the frontline and occupied areas are located. Overall economic damage from the war has been extensive, with reconstruction costs previously estimated by the World…
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Energy savings
Multiple benefits of Energy Efficiency 2025 Energy efficiency provides multiple benefits. This page explores energy savings. Why is energy efficiency important for energy savings? Energy efficiency measures reduce the amount of energy required to fuel and grow our economies. In economies where energy demand is set to grow significantly, efficiency also helps improve people’s lives by increasing access to additional energy services. Key facts In the last two decades, efficiency measures have generated over 27 EJ of energy savings in IEA countries alone, equivalent to 20% of total energy demand.The industry (including manufacturing) and services (including commercial buildings) sectors…
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National Climate Resilience Assessment for Mozambique
…role in increasing government revenues in the future. Offshore extraction and floating liquified natural gas assets recently developed have been designed with additional measures to withstand tropical storms and cyclones. While Mozambique's temperature increase is set to remain below the global average in a scenario where overall warming is kept below 2 °C by the end of the century, this trend is projected to reverse in a scenario with a global warming of above 3 °C where Mozambique could experience temperatures 1.2 °C higher than the global average. Compared to the pre-industrial period, additional days with a maximum temperature above…
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Economic growth
…growth? Energy efficiency allows countries to generate more economic activity using the same amount of energy. It is also linked to increased labour productivity and other economic benefits. Key facts Compared with 2000, today’s global economy produces 36% more GDP per unit of energy. Energy efficiency progress over the last 20 years means that close to an extra USD 50 trillion can today be produced using the same amount of energy. This energy efficiency bonus is equivalent to adding almost two times the GDP of the United States without needing to increase energy consumption.Energy efficiency can generate broader economic benefits…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa
…the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides an updated picture of where things stand today, where efforts are gaining ground, and where urgent action is still needed. This includes tracking the implementation of the USD 2.2 billion in public and private commitments made at the 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking for Africa, which the IEA co-hosted with the President of the United Republic of Tanzania, the Prime Minister of Norway, and the President of the African Development Bank Group.The report introduces a new scenario – the Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services Scenario (ACCESS) – which charts a pathway for…
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Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency
As energy efficiency continues to gain attention as a key resource for economic and social development across all economies, understanding its real value is increasingly important. The multiple benefits approach seeks to expand the perspective of energy efficiency beyond the traditional measure of energy savings by identifying and measuring its impacts in full bloom.
