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Cost of Capital Observatory
…into three sections:A Dashboard that provides free data on the cost of capital for energy projects in emerging and developing economies, updated with 2023 and 2024 data in July and September 2025.A section with Tools and Analysis to help governments understand and quantify the main underlying risks perceived by investors and financiers in each country.Case Studies with lessons learnt of how policymakers, together with the private sector, development finance institutions and other entities managed to mitigate risks and mobilise capital for clean energy sectors across the emerging and developing world.We hope these resources will help drive…
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Northwest European Hydrogen Monitor 2025
Northwest Europe is at the forefront of low-emissions hydrogen development. This region accounts for around 40% of Europe’s total hydrogen demand, and it has vast and untapped renewable energy and carbon storage potential in the North Sea. It also has a well-developed, interconnected gas network that could be partially repurposed to facilitate the transmission and distribution of low-emissions hydrogen from production sites to demand centres.The development of the low-emissions hydrogen market in Northwest Europe could gradually scale up in the short- to medium-term. Northwest European countries now have ambition to develop up to…
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Global EV Outlook 2025
Expanding sales in diverse markets Global EV Outlook 2025: Expanding sales in diverse markets The Global EV Outlook is an annual publication that reports on recent developments in electric mobility around the world. It is developed with the support of members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI).The report draws on the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment, demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policy developments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles in different markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability, manufacturing and trade of electric cars and…
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Pledges to Progress 2025
…ambitions to achieve net zero operational emissions by 2050. As global methane and flaring emissions continue to rise, these ambitions are more important than ever to reduce energy waste and mitigate the harmful consequences of climate change.To support accountability and transparency, the International Energy Agency (IEA), the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) and the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) set out a framework of 25 metrics to assess and track the efforts reported by the oil and gas industry to achieve the goals set out in the OGDC. The framework is detailed in the 2024 report…
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Indicators Handbook for Just and Inclusive Energy Transitions
Global Commission on People-Centred Clean Energy Transitions: Designing for Fairness The Indicators Handbook is based on the voluntary G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions, endorsed by G20 leaders in November 2024. The principles, which reflect varying perspectives, contexts and experiences, form a framework for approaching transitions that maximises benefits and mitigates the risk of unintended consequences. Designed as a technical resource, the Indicators Handbook provides guidance for governments and other stakeholders on identifying relevant indicators as a first step towards tracking policy design and implementation in line with the G20 Principles for Just and Inclusive Transitions. The Handbook…
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Assessing emissions from LNG supply and abatement options
…availability and reporting of emissions data from the natural gas value chain in recent years. However, estimates are still subject to a high degree of uncertainty. This interim report estimates emissions from LNG supply today, based on the latest and best available data including those from scientific studies and measurement campaigns. It covers upstream production and processing of natural gas, pipeline transmission from processing facilities to export terminals, liquefaction processes, shipping and regasification at import terminals. It considers methane emissions, flaring, naturally occurring sources of CO2 and energy consumption from across the supply chain. It also explores mitigation options, c...
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IEA Guide to Reporting Energy Technology RD&D Budgets
…D) budgets. It outlines the methodology and classification system used to collect and structure RD&D data across IEA member countries, ensuring consistency and comparability. The manual is divided into two main sections: fundamentals of RD&D budget reporting and a detailed classification of energy technologies. It defines RD&D in alignment with the OECD Frascati Manual and clarifies the scope of public and private sector reporting. It also provides instructions for completing the IEA questionnaire, covering budgetary stages, metadata reporting, and common issues. The classification system spans nine major technology groups, including energy end uses, fossil fuels, renewables, nuclear…
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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa
…This harms health, economic development, and the environment – contributing to 815 000 premature deaths annually and significant deforestation.In a new report, Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa: Progress update and roadmap to implementation, the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides an updated picture of where things stand today, where efforts are gaining ground, and where urgent action is still needed. This includes tracking the implementation of the USD 2.2 billion in public and private commitments made at the 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking for Africa, which the IEA co-hosted with the President of the United Republic of…
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Global Methane Tracker 2025
…global warming and improving air quality. The energy sector – including oil, natural gas, coal and bioenergy – accounts for more than 35% of methane emissions from human activity and has some of the best opportunities to cut these emissions. The annually updated Global Methane Tracker is an essential tool for raising awareness about methane emissions across the energy sector and the opportunities to bring them down.The Tracker presents our latest sector-wide emissions estimates – based on the most recent data from satellites and measurement campaigns – and discusses different abatement options along with their associated costs. This 2025 update adds several…
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Scaling Up Transition Finance
…to cut global emissions, especially in areas where clean technologies are not yet commercially available or cost-competitive. This is where transition finance comes in: it can help emissions-intensive countries, companies and sectors shift over time towards sustainable practices that are aligned with long-term climate and development goals.In this new report, the International Energy Agency (IEA) provides analyses to map the landscape for transition finance, explains why it matters, and highlights approaches that could move the debate forward.The report also examines the role of transition finance in the steel and cement, critical minerals, and the natural…
