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Is the biofuel industry approaching a feedstock crunch?
Renewables 2022 This report forms a component of Chapter 4 of Renewables 2022 and addresses a key question in renewable energy markets. Biodiesel, renewable diesel and biojet fuel producers are headed for a feedstock supply crunch during 2022-2027 if current trends do not change. In our main case, demand for vegetable oil, waste and residue oils and fats increases 56% to 79 million tonnes over the forecast period. Fuels made from wastes and residues are in particularly high demand because they satisfy GHG and feedstock policy objectives in the United States and Europe. In fact, wastes and residues are expected to…
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Oil Market Report - January 2023
…2 mb/d of capacity additions between 4Q22 and end-2023.Russian oil exports fell by 200 kb/d m-o-m in December to 7.8 mb/d, as crude shipments to the EU declined after the EU crude embargo and G7 price cap came into effect. Russian diesel exports surged to a multi-year high of 1.2 mb/d, of which 720 kb/d was destined for the EU. Record discounts for Russian benchmark Urals grade saw Russian revenues slip by $3 bn m-o-m to $12.6 bn.Global observed oil inventories surged by 79…
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Oil Market Report - June 2022
…d in 2022 and 1.6 mb/d in 2023, boosting throughputs by 2.3 mb/d and 1.9 mb/d, respectively. Nevertheless, product markets are expected to remain tight, with a particular concern for diesel and kerosene supplies. While diesel cracks eased month-on-month in May, both jet fuel and gasoline cracks surged as demand picked up seasonally.Following nearly two years of declines, observed global oil inventories increased by 77 mb in April. OECD industry stocks also rose, by 42.5 mb (1.42 mb/d), helped by government stock releases of nearly 1 mb/d…
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Fuel economy in Russia
…8 Lge/100 km in 2005 to 7.5 Lge/100 km in 2019. Other segments have seen slight improvements in fuel economy.Fossil fuel powered vehicles dominate the LDV market in Russia. Gasoline vehicles were 89% of LDV sales in 2019, and the remainder were diesel vehicles. Diesel powertrains are primarily present in the large SUV/pick-up segment, which accounted for 8% of LDV sales in 2019. The sales share of small SUV/pick-ups grew from 9% in 2005 to 36% in 2019. City cars and medium cars accounted for the majority of the remaining share of…
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Does security of supply drive key biofuel markets in Asia?
…and diesel demand with biofuels is a means of increasing a country’s domestic fuel supply. China produces ethanol from corn and cassava, India uses feedstocks such as molasses from its sugar industry (the world’s second-largest) to make ethanol, and Indonesia manufactures biodiesel from palm oil, of which it is the world’s largest producer. However, the production of biodiesel in China and India, and ethanol in Indonesia, is lower because of lower domestic feedstock resources.Security of supply can be strengthened through the application of mandate polices that prescribe replacing a share of gasoline or diesel consumption…
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Energy Fact Sheet: Why does Russian oil and gas matter?
…Kozmino in the Far East. In addition, Russia also exports crude by rail. Russia has an estimated 6.9 million bpd of refining capacity, and produces a substantial amount of oil products, such as gasoline and diesel. Russian companies have spent the last decade investing heavily in primary and secondary refining capacity in order to take advantage of favourable government taxation, as well as growing global diesel demand. As a result, Russia has been able to shift the vast majority of its motor fuel production to meet Euro 5 (10 ppm) standards. Russia’s energy strategy has prioritized self-sufficienc...
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Fuel economy in Indonesia
…tax rates for vehicles are no longer only based on just engine capacity, but also consider engine efficiency and emissions. Vehicles emitting no more than 120 CO2 g/km, with engine capacities below a specified level are eligible for LCEV tax incentives, and a fuel economy limit of 20 km/l (gasoline) and 21.8 km/l (diesel) is also in place. Tax exemptions are applied to plug-in hybrid, battery electric and fuel-cell electric vehicles that meet a minium local content requirement, with fuel consumption equal to 28 km/l, or CO2 emissions up to 100 g/km…
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Partner Country Series - Fossil Fuel Subsidy Reform in Mexico and Indonesia
Many countries have turned to fossil fuel subsidies at some point or another to reduce energy costs in order to cut transportation bills, prop up industries, or finance household electrification, particularly for the poorest families. At the same time, many studies have found that the economic and environmental costs of fossil fuel subsidies far outweighs any of its perceived social benefits, which can be achieved by other more effective means. Drawing on its global experience and extensive analysis of fossil fuel subsidies, the IEA undertook this in-depth look at reforms of fossil fuel subsidies in Mexico and Indonesia. These…
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Oil Market Report - November 2018
The IEA Oil Market Report (OMR) is one of the world’s most authoritative and timely sources of data, forecasts and analysis on the global oil market – including detailed statistics and commentary on oil supply, demand, inventories, prices and refining activity, as well as oil trade for IEA and selected non-IEA countries. Highlights The outlook for global oil demand growth is largely unchanged at 1.3 mb/d in 2018 and 1.4 mb/d in 2019, as a weaker economy is largely offset by lower oil prices. OECD demand is expected to increase by 355 kb/d in 2018, slowing to 285 kb…
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Railway Handbook 2015
Produced in collaboration with the Union Internationale des Chemins de Fer The collaboration of the IEA and the UIC in collecting, elaborating, and presenting activity, energy, and CO2 emissions data was carried out for the fourth time through the release of the Railway Handbook 2015. For this edition, significant methodological improvements were implemented leading to better consistency between the different indicators presented in this Handbook, in addition to updates of the global data, as well as regional breakdowns for those regions that we consider the most relevant from the point of view of transport activity: European Union, USA, Japan, Russia…