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Clean Energy Transitions in the Greater Horn of Africa
…to spur political will for accelerated transitions to clean energy and robust interregional stakeholder dialogues, to help country policy makers make effective, high-impact policies.This report is part of an IEA initiative to promote clean energy transitions in Africa through enhanced regional energy collaboration. The initiative focuses on three regions (North Africa, the Sahel and the greater Horn of Africa), and includes technical workshops and reports that assess energy sector conditions and propose pathways for accelerated transformation. A financial contribution by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs made this study by the IEA Clean Energy Transitions Programme possible. Documentation
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Renewables 2020
Analysis and forecast to 2025 In May 2020, the IEA market update on renewable energy provided an analysis that looked at the impact of Covid-19 on renewable energy deployment in 2020 and 2021. This early assessment showed that the Covid-19 crisis is hurting – but not halting – global renewable energy growth. Half a year later, the pandemic continues to affect the global economy and daily life. However, renewable markets, especially electricity-generating technologies, have already shown their resilience to the crisis. Renewables 2020 provides detailed analysis and forecasts through 2025 of the impact of Covid-19 on renewables in…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2016 Review
France has a significantly low-carbon electricity mix, owing to the key role of nuclear energy. However, much of France’s nuclear fleet is reaching the end of its lifetime. Against this background, France has started an ambitious energy transition: it is a world leader in designing a governance framework with a national low-carbon strategy, carbon budgets, a carbon price trajectory and plans for energy investment. France plans to reduce the share of nuclear to 50% in the electricity mix by 2025. While some nuclear reactors may continue long-term operation under safe conditions, maintaining security of supply and…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2000
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2000 The International Energy Agency's 2000 review of France's energy policies and programmes. It finds that France tries to achieve three major objectives in its energy policy: security of supply, environmental protection and low-cost energy for its economy and citizens, notably through its vast nuclear programme. The French have been generally successful, in particular in ensuring a secure energy supply – a high priority for the country, which has only minor energy resources. French energy policy is also based on a strong public service tradition, a notion that leads…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2004
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2004 The International Energy Agency's comprehensive review of France's energy policies and programmes for 2004. It finds that French energy policy – traditionally characterised by centralisation and strong government involvement – has been largely successful in achieving energy security, environmental protection and economic efficiency. The country must now adapt to a changing European energy context in which competition and an increased international scope will play important roles. Note : Les “Conclusions et recommandations-Synthèse” (9 pages) sont en français dans la publication.
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France 2021
Energy Policy Review The International Energy Agency (IEA) regularly conducts in-depth peer reviews of the energy policies of its member countries. This process supports energy policy development and encourages the exchange of international best practices and experiences. In 2019, France put its target to reach net zero emissions by 2050 into law and updated its energy transition framework the following year with a new National Low-Carbon Strategy and 10-year energy plan. However, France’s energy transition has experienced significant delays, and implementation remains challenging despite the many reforms underway. Moreover, new European Union climate goals will compel…
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Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2009 Review
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies of IEA Countries: France 2009 The International Energy Agency's periodic review of France's energy policies and programmes. This 2009 edition finds that the energy policy of France seeks to achieve a balance between the environmentally responsible production and use of energy, the growth and competitiveness of the economy, and secure and competitively priced energy and infrastructure.
To meet these objectives, the French government in 2007 launched an impressive environmental programme, Grenelle de l’Environnement, which sets ambitious targets, particularly in the buildings and transport sectors. The government has also made commendable efforts in… -
Conditions and requirements for the technical feasibility of a power system with a high share of renewables in France towards 2050
Executive summary France is one of several countries which have pledged to achieve net zero carbon emissions by 2050 to meet its climate change mitigation commitments under the Paris Agreement. To help it reach this goal, the French government recently published a new energy and climate law and the National Low-Carbon Strategy (Stratégie nationale bas-carbone, or SNBC). This comprehensive strategy for achieving carbon neutrality relies largely on energy efficiency, systematic use of biomass and greater use of electricity.France already enjoys extremely low-carbon electricity, owing largely to its nuclear generation fleet built in the 1980s and the…
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Oil and Gas Emergency Policy: France 2012
In 2007, the IEA published Oil Supply Security: Emergency Response of IEA Countries. This report provided an overview of the IEA oil emergency response system and a detailed look at the specific systems in each IEA country for responding to an oil supply crisis. It presented the findings of a five-year review cycle of the emergency response mechanisms in IEA member countries. Since the 2007 publication, the IEA has started a new cycle of reviews which now includes reviewing gas emergency policies. Rather than waiting for the completion of the current review cycle to renew this publication, the IEA…
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France Electricity Security Policy
Country Energy Security Policy - Electricity Electricity overview and generation portfolio France’s electricity market has the highest share of nuclear generation (67% in 2020) amongst the IEA countries, which combined with large hydropower and renewables outputs, results in 80% of the country’s electricity production being carbon-free. However, planned decommissioning of ageing nuclear plants and government targets to reduce the share of nuclear generation to 50% before 2035, and the need to replace these capacities with variable renewables, poses a challenge to the country’s electricity supply security. Additional efforts are especially needed by 2025 to assure system adequacy…