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China's Worldwide Quest for Energy Security
…s Worldwide Quest for Energy Security China’s rapid growth over the past twenty years has sparked a surging demand for energy. The Chinese made strenuous efforts to exploit their domestic resources; but growth eventually overwhelmed them and led to rising oil imports. Within the next decade, China’s oil imports are expected to grow rapidly and outstrip those of many OECD countries. Gas imports are also projected to increase as China switches to cleaner energy. Aware of its growing dependency on imported energy, China seeks a more prominent position in the existing global system of energy production and trade…
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Ukraine’s Energy Security
…importance. While Ukraine made strong strides in rebuilding and strengthening the resilience of its energy system this past spring and summer, the situation remains fragile, and the risk of huge disruptions and widespread destabilisation remains – particularly as Russia expands the scope and sophistication of its attacks.This analysis builds on the IEA’s September 2024 report, Ukraine’s Energy Security and the Coming Winter. It provides an update on the latest developments through October 2025 and proposes key actions that Ukraine and its partners can take to address urgent energy security vulnerabilities this winter and bolster longer-term energy resilience…
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Ukraine's Energy Security and the Coming Winter
…on key infrastructure have recently increased and intensified, posing a huge threat to reliable access to power, heating and communications services across Ukraine this winter.This special report lays out 10 key energy actions to reinforce the country’s energy security – essential to its security overall – at this critical juncture. It will take stock of the war’s impact on Ukraine’s energy sector, identify key risks for the coming winter and outline immediate actions that Ukraine and its partners could take in response. While the main focus is on Ukraine, the report also examines the energy situation in Moldova.
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Energy Efficiency Policy Priorities: Ukraine
…Improving energy efficiency across the economy could strengthen energy security by decreasing the country’s reliance on fossil fuel imports, reduce pressure on public budgets that have historically shouldered billions of euros a year in energy subsidies (although some energy subsidies are now being phased out), reduce costs to consumers and improve the comfort and health of its residents. The good news is that there is a large potential for energy efficiency gains in Ukraine. Measures to tap Ukraine’s energy efficiency potential are described in this report. More than 80 Ukrainian energy efficiency stakeholders contributed to the findings in…
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Energy System Resilience
Lessons learned from Ukraine Ensuring energy security encompasses both long-term and short-term dimensions. The long-term dimension involves securing sufficient infrastructure investment and diverse supply sources. The short-term dimension – resilience – focuses on systems’ ability to cope with events exceeding standard planning conditions. Since Russia’s full-scale invasion in 2022, Ukraine has worked to protect its energy sector and to increase its ability to withstand and rapidly recover from Russia’s attacks on its energy infrastructure. The report explores the lessons that Ukraine has been learning as it works to bolster system resilience and identifies measures that…
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Russian supplies to global energy markets
Assessing the impacts of Russia's invasion of Ukraine on global oil and natural gas markets and energy security As a major producer and exporter of both oil and natural gas, Russia has a significant role in global energy markets. Russia's invasion of Ukraine on 24 February 2022 has potentially serious implications for international energy security. For this reason, the IEA is providing factual and up-to-date information on Russia's oil and natural gas supplies.
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Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia 2015
…the region. Energy policy analysis is conducted in line with the INOGATE Programme’s four main pillars of energy development: energy market convergence, energy security, sustainable development and investment attraction.
Started in 1996, the INOGATE Programme is one of the longest running energy technical assistance programmes funded by the European Union and works within the policy frameworks of the Baku Initiative and the Eastern Partnership. The INOGATE Programme co-operates with 11 partner countries to support reduction in their dependency on fossil fuels and imports, to improve the security of their energy supply and to mitigate overall climate change. It… -
Energy Efficiency 2018
…world, its positive impact on global energy use is overwhelmed by rising economic activity across all sectors. Efficiency can enable economic growth, reduce emissions and improve energy security. The right efficiency policies could enable the world to achieve more than 40% of the emissions cuts needed to reach its climate goals without new technology. Energy Efficiency 2018 looks at why efficiency’s massive potential remains untapped, and through the new Efficient World Scenario explores what would happen if countries maximized all available cost-effective efficiency potential between now and 2040, highlighting what policy makers can do to realise this opportunity. Key findings Energy efficiency works..…
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Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Ukraine 2012
Energy Policy Review Energy Policies Beyond IEA Countries: Ukraine 2012 Ukraine’s energy sector faces unprecedented challenges, from a heavy reliance on expensive fossil fuel imports to inefficient infrastructure and markets. Yet there is also potential for Ukraine to experience an energy revolution, one that could boost employment, lift economic growth and enhance energy security. Modernisation of Ukraine’s energy-supply sectors has only begun and will require investment on a huge scale, complemented by a fundamental reform of the business environment. A strong dependency on oil and gas imports and often inefficient energy production, transportation and supply sectors means…
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20 Renewable Energy Policy Recommendations
Renewable energy has grown rapidly in recent years, especially in the electricity sector where renewables now account for the largest power capacity additions globally. However, renewables still account for only just above 10% of final energy consumption and the energy sector remains dominated by fossil fuels. Renewables need to increase further and faster to bring about an energy transition that achieves climate targets, ensures energy access for all, reduces air pollution and improves energy security. These 20 recommendations provide guiding principles for policy making, based on best practices observed across IEA member states and partner countries. They can be adapted…