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Coal 2020
…trends affected coal-fired power generation in 2019: weak electricity demand growth and low natural gas prices. Global electricity generation grew 1% in 2019, the lowest rate since 2009 and almost one-third of the average annual increase since then. Electricity generated from renewables increased in 2019, squeezing coal and gas generation. Expanding LNG supply put pressure on natural gas prices, which fell by two‑thirds in Europe from January to September 2019. In the United States, where natual gas is generally cheap, prices in 2019 were 30% lower on average than the previous year. This spurred significant coal-to-gas…
- Demand
- Supply
- Trade
- Prices and costs
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Coal in the Energy Supply of India
Coal in the Energy Supply of India Indian coal reserves are the third largest in the world, after the United States and China. India is the third largest coal producer in the world and the eighth largest importer. With annual production of 310 million tonnes and imports of almost 25 million tonnes, coal provides one-third of energy supply in India.
The Indian government forecasts huge increases in electricity capacity based on coal. Massive increases in coal supply would be required if these plans are realised, although it is not clear if they are feasible. The principal objective of Indian… -
Clean Household Energy Consumption in Kazakhstan: A Roadmap
…Contribution (NDC) with an unconditional target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) by 15% by 2030 from 1990 levels. The household sector is one of the important sources of GHG emissions, amounting to 8% of national total CO2 emissions in 2018 (UNFCCC, 2020). The residential sector is the fastest growing sector in terms of energy consumption, with the residential share of consumption increasing from 9% of total final consumption for Kazakhstan in 2000 to 27% in 2018 (IEA, 2020).Many countries have either completely banned or severely restricted the household use of coal (especially in large cities) to curb emissi...
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The Role of Gas in Today's Energy Transitions
World Energy Outlook special report This World Energy Outlook special report examines the role of fuel switching, primarily from coal to natural gas, to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and air pollutants. Four case studies, covering the United States, the European Union, the People’s Republic of China, and India, reveal the various opportunities, hurdles and limits of fuel switching as a way to address environmental challenges. Natural gas is one of the mainstays of global energy. Where it replaces more polluting fuels, it improves air quality and limits emissions of carbon dioxide. In this analysis, we explore how widespread…
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Kazakhstan 2022
…the auspices of the EU4Energy programme, which is being implemented by the IEA and the European Union, along with the Energy Community Secretariat and the Energy Charter Secretariat.Kazakhstan has made ambitious commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase the role of renewables in its energy supply, but dependence on large reserves of inexpensive domestic coal and a lack of flexible generating capacity make these a challenge. Oil continues to provide much of the country’s export earnings and government revenue, while many oil-importing countries have pledged to reduce consumption of fossil fuels, and most oil exports currently…
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Kazakhstan energy profile
…the Caspian Sea. The capital is Nur-Sultan (previously called Astana) and the country is home to 18.7 million people (www.stat.gov.kz).Until 2015, Kazakhstan was among the world’s top ten fastest-growing economies, mainly owing to development of its rich oil, gas and coal resources and its export-oriented policies. The country is the largest oil producer in Central Asia, with the 12th-highest proven crude oil reserves in the world. Its gross domestic product (GDP) per capita has risen six-fold since 2002 (https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kazakhstan/overview#3), and in…
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Partner Country Series - Clean Energy Technology Assessment Methodology Pilot Study: Kazakhstan
…Central Asia. But the country’s vast plains also hold significant renewable energy potential that remains largely untouched, particularly solar and wind power. This major potential could help the country reach its ambitious goals of diversifying most of its electricity generation away from coal use while cutting harmful greenhouse gas emissions. Improving the country’s ageing Soviet-era infrastructure also holds significant promise for advancing energy efficiency. The IEA selected Kazakhstan as a key player in regional efforts to deploy low carbon technologies in Central Asia for a pilot study developed with the European Bank of Reconstruction and Development. This…
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India Energy Outlook 2015
…The report explores how major new policy initiatives, from "24x7 Power for All" to the "Make in India" campaign, affect India’s energy outlook; identifies the investment required in India’s generation and grid in order to provide universal, secure and affordable electricity supply; highlights the growing role of renewables, led by wind and solar, in India’s energy future, alongside the continued importance of coal; evaluates the energy security and environmental strains that accompany India’s rise and how they can be addressed; and assesses the implications for a global energy system in which India exerts ever-larger influence.
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India Energy Outlook 2021
…electricity distribution companies, and air quality that has made Indian cities among the most polluted in the world. …and the scope for further growth in energy demand and infrastructure is huge India is the world’s third-largest energy consuming country, thanks to rising incomes and improving standards of living. Energy use has doubled since 2000, with 80% of demand still being met by coal, oil and solid biomass. On a per capita basis, India’s energy use and emissions are less than half the world average, as are other key indicators such as vehicle ownership, steel and cement…
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Women working in the rooftop solar sector
…this sector. Highlights Women account for an estimated 11% of the workforce in the rooftop solar sector in India, significantly less than the global average of women in the renewables sector, at 32%. However, it is higher than the percentage of women in other energy sectors in India, such as coal, oil and gas companies, and electricity utilities.Women’s participation varies across the value chain of rooftop solar companies. The design and pre-construction phase, and corporate segment – which offer mostly office-based positions – have a relatively high share of female employees at 18% and 34%, respectively. In the…