• Country

        China

        China’s growing energy needs are increasingly met by renewables, natural gas and electricity. The scale of China’s future electricity demand and the challenge of decarbonising the power supply help explain why global investment in electricity overtook that of oil and gas for the first time in 2016, and why electricity security is moving firmly up the policy agenda. That said, cost reductions for renewables are not sufficient on their own to secure efficient decarbonisation or reliable supply.
        Between 2019 and 2024, China will account for 40% of global renewable capacity expansion, driven by improved system integration, lower curtailment…

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        • Country

        South Africa

        Coal is the mainstay of the South African energy system, meeting around 70% of installed power generation capacity. The 2019 Integrated Resource Plan however sets out a long-term diversification of the power mix by 2030 and moves towards lightening the carbon footprint of the energy sector while meeting growing energy demand and ensuring a socio-economically just transition. While the options to diversify the country's electricity mix appear diverse, the affordability of electricity supply looms as a key concern and a potential constraint on diversification. The structure of consumption and of spending on electricity is skewed towards higher…

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        • Country

        United States

        The United States introduced major energy and climate policy reforms which put the country on a path towards a clean, secure and affordable energy system for a net zero economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
        The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today…

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        • Country

        Latvia

        Latvia is undertaking its energy transition with some promising results to date, with the goal to reduce total greenhouse gas emissions (without land use, land-use change and forestry) by 65% from 1990 levels by 2030 and to achieve net zero by 2050. It has made inroads on the share of renewable energy in its fuel mix, with sizeable shares of bioenergy and hydropower.
        Renewable energy sources dominate its electricity mix, in particular, accounting for around three-quarters of domestic generation. Other sectors, notably transport and buildings, continue to consume large amounts of energy and rely on dated infrastructure that…

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        • Country

        Mexico

        Mexico’s energy and economic profile presents both challenges and opportunities as a major oil producer, exporter and through its growing domestic energy demand. Mexico was the first large oil producing emerging economy to adopt climate legislation in 2012 and has seen growth in renewable electricity generation from wind and solar, which almost tripled from 2015 to 2022. However, strong action is needed across all sectors to reduce reliance on fossil fuels and bring down greenhouse gas emissions.

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        • Country

        Belarus

        …dependence, particularly on natural gas from a single supplier. The government is contemplating attractive investment measures and fuel diversification to reduce natural gas consumption and include more coal and renewables into the country's energy mix, while developing local energy sources and introducing nuclear power.

        Belarus has also prioritized improving energy efficiency in electricity and heat production and is phasing out subsidies for electricity, heat and gas, which is expected to make the energy sector more market-focused and investor-friendly. Belarus is part of the EU4Energy Programme, an initiative focused on evidence-based policy making for the energy sector.

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        • Country

        Jordan

        The government of Jordan targets 10% of energy mix to come from renewables by 2020. The country has set up a fund, as well as duties and taxes exemptions on all manufactured locally and imported renewable energy sources equipment and systems.

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        • Country

        New Zealand

        New Zealand has a diversified energy mix, with significant production of both hydropower and geothermal. As the country embarks on an ambitious energy transition, it has many natural advantages, including a strong renewable resource base. New Zealand already has a low-emissions electricity system, with over 80% of electricity coming from renewable sources. The key challenge will be to decarbonise other end-use sectors through clean power and support investments in new technologies to achieve deeper emissions cuts across all sectors. Notably, the transport sector accounts for the highest share of emissions and is almost entirely dependent on oil while…

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        • Country

        Costa Rica

        Costa Rica’s energy policy aims to move from a fossil fuels based energy system towards renewable energy sources and to expand its power generation capacity, replacing old power generating stations and developing new projects.

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        • Country

        Croatia

        Croatia's National Energy Strategy 2009-2020 has three basic objectives: increase security of energy supply, develop competitive energy system and ensure sustainable energy sector development. These objectives are particularly important for the country, as it is heavily dependent on energy imports, resulting in its vulnerability to energy prices fluctuations.

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