• Country

        Iceland

        In 2007, the Icelandic government released a Climate Change Strategy conceived as a framework for action and government involvement in climate change issues, and setting forth a long-term goal of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by 50 to 75% of 1990 levels by 2050.

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        Belgium

        Belgium’s energy policy is focused on transitioning to a low-carbon economy while ensuring energy security, lowering costs for consumers and increasing market competition. Belgium has made progress on these goals, notably as a global leader in offshore wind. The country is also seeing a rapid uptake of electric vehicles. However, Belgium remains reliant on fossil fuels and more aggressive policies are needed accelerate emissions reductions, especially for the industry sector.

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        Lithuania

        …Latvia, Lithuania disconnected from the Russian electricity system and completed the synchronisation of its grid with the Continental European Synchronous Area (CESA) in February 2025. By 2030, Lithuania aims to shift from being an electricity importer to becoming a net exporter. Although the country’s energy consumption still depends heavily on imported fossil fuels, the share of bioenergy in the domestic energy supply is growing, and Lithuania aspires to become an energy exporter by 2050. Lithuania joined the IEA as its 31st member on 20 February 2022, and its most recent Energy Policy Review was published on 7 July 2025.

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        United States

        The United States introduced major energy and climate policy reforms which put the country on a path towards a clean, secure and affordable energy system for a net zero economy. The reforms aim to strengthen infrastructure deployment and resilience, include a major focus on clean energy manufacturing, improving diverse supply chains and affordability, enhancing equity and the creation of high-quality clean energy jobs.
        The US plays a significant role in supporting international energy security as the world’s largest producer of oil and exporter of liquified natural gas. A wave of clean energy investment means the US is today…

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        Indonesia

        Indonesia’s imports of oil have rapidly increased in recent years. This resource-rich nation is the world’s fourth-largest producer of coal and Southeast Asia’s biggest gas supplier. The country is the largest producer of biofuels worldwide and it is scaling up efforts to exploit its renewable energy potential. Indonesia's importance is underscored by its sizeable population of 250 million people – the fourth-largest in the world – and its significant role as a major producer and consumer of energy in regional and international markets. Indonesia is also the largest economy in ASEAN and an active member…

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        Belarus

        Energy policy in Belarus focuses on providing reliable energy while reducing import–dependence, particularly on natural gas from a single supplier. The government is contemplating attractive investment measures and fuel diversification to reduce natural gas consumption and include more coal and renewables into the country's energy mix, while developing local energy sources and introducing nuclear power.

        Belarus has also prioritized improving energy efficiency in electricity and heat production and is phasing out subsidies for electricity, heat and gas, which is expected to make the energy sector more market-focused and investor-friendly. Belarus is part of the EU4Energy Programme…

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        Bangladesh

        In Bangladesh, electricity is available for 85% of the population, up from 20% in 2000. Gas accounts for the majority of the country’s electricity production, even though wind, hydropower and solar PV shares are growing. Bangladesh has also implemented energy policy incentives towards the deployment of renewables.

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        • Country

        Austria

        Austria is committed to reaching climate neutrality by 2040. Over three quarter of electricity generation already comes from renewables, with a target of achieving a 100% renewable electricity supply by 2030 (national balance). This requires investments to make networks more resilient and flexible, optimise demand side management, and updating the legal and regulatory framework to allow more consumer participation. Buildings and transport account for around half of total emissions . To progress the transition in these sectors, the government supports building renovation, switching from fossil fuels to sustainable heating systems, the electrification of transport and invests in public transport infrastructure.

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        • Country

        Israel

        Israel endorsed a target of generating 10% of the country’s electricity from renewable sources in 2020. Solar thermal and photovoltaic power plants are expected to account for over 70% of total generation, with the remainder deriving from household PV units, wind energy and biomass.
        The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law.

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        France

        France has a very low-carbon electricity mix owing to its large nuclear fleet, the second-largest after the United States. As an early leader in setting out an ambitious energy transition, France legislated a net zero emissions target for 2050 in its 2019 Energy and Climate Act and aims at reducing by 55% its greenhouse gas emissions by 2030. A national low-carbon strategy with 5-year carbon budgets and a multiannual plan for energy investments implement the long-term target.
        Acknowledging the need to maintain electricity security in the longer term and a low-carbon footprint France invests…

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