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Country
Bahrain
Bahrain's energy supply comes largely from the exploitation of its domestic fossil fuels resources. The country is also a major producer and exporter of oil, petroleum products and natural gas.
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Croatia
Croatia's National Energy Strategy 2009-2020 has three basic objectives: increase security of energy supply, develop competitive energy system and ensure sustainable energy sector development. These objectives are particularly important for the country, as it is heavily dependent on energy imports, resulting in its vulnerability to energy prices fluctuations.
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South Africa
Coal is the mainstay of the South African energy system, meeting around 70% of installed power generation capacity. The 2019 Integrated Resource Plan however sets out a long-term diversification of the power mix by 2030 and moves towards lightening the carbon footprint of the energy sector while meeting growing energy demand and ensuring a socio-economically just transition. While the options to diversify the country's electricity mix appear diverse, the affordability of electricity supply looms as a key concern and a potential constraint on diversification. The structure of consumption and of spending on electricity is skewed towards higher…
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Ireland
…electricity generation by 2030, but now their implementation needs to accelerate. Natural gas will remain an important part of the energy mix at least until the mid-2030s, especially to meet peak electricity demand, but offshore renewable energy will become the cornerstone of Ireland’s energy transition beyond 2030. Given Ireland’s current exclusive reliance on energy imports from the United Kingdom, energy security is a major concern to the government while transitioning to a (variable) renewables-based energy system and advancing the electrification of the heating and transport sectors to meet the ambitious climate targets to 2030 and beyond.
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Thailand
Thailand’s energy policy focuses on reducing dependence on natural gas to enhance energy security. With the costs reduction of variable renewable energy, conventional Thai power generation starts giving way to alternative sources. The country’s energy policy must evolve to accommodate this change.
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Kuwait
Kuwait is wholly reliant on fossil fuels for energy generation and by 2030, its energy demand will triple. In order to diversify its energy mix, the country targets to increase the share of renewable generation to 15% by 2030.
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Gabon
Almost two-thirds of the population of Gabon has access to electricity. The country can partially rely on its 150 thousand barrels per day hydrocarbon liquids production and has recently implemented a new petroleum legislation.
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Indonesia
Indonesia’s imports of oil have rapidly increased in recent years. This resource-rich nation is the world’s fourth-largest producer of coal and Southeast Asia’s biggest gas supplier. The country is the largest producer of biofuels worldwide and it is scaling up efforts to exploit its renewable energy potential. Indonesia's importance is underscored by its sizeable population of 250 million people – the fourth-largest in the world – and its significant role as a major producer and consumer of energy in regional and international markets. Indonesia is also the largest economy in ASEAN and an active member…
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Georgia
…an energy sector based largely on hydropower and fuelwood, in addition to imports of fossil fuels. It is also an important transit country for the region, with major oil and gas pipelines running across Georgian territory. Efforts are required to improve energy efficiency and capitalise on the country’s renewable energy potential.
Georgia has made solid progress in the past decade, both in improving the security of its energy supply and in transitioning to a cleaner, more sustainable energy system. Although Georgia is still confronted with many challenges in its transition to a more secure, sustainable and affordable energy future…- Overview
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Denmark
Denmark has been an early leader in decarbonisation and in 2022 the government announced a net zero by 2045 target, aiming at 110% emissions reductions by 2050. Denmark’s technology leadership is important in the areas of offshore wind, biomethane and district heating. The government has expanded these categories to adopt a strategic focus on carbon capture and storage (CCUS) and hydrogen. The government has a robust energy and climate governance under the Danish Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities and ‘the year wheel’ of Climate Act of 2020 ensures annual policy actions and funding. Among IEA countries, Denmark has…
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+ 5 pages