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Contributor
Sara Moarif
Head of Environment and Climate Change (ECC) Unit. Sara Moarif has been head of the Environment and Climate Change Unit at the IEA since late 2019. In this role she oversees a range of internal and external work on energy and environment policy issues, from carbon pricing systems in the power sector to the climate resilience of energy systems, along with IEA participation in the OECD-IEA Climate Change Expert Group and parts of the IEA's international climate-related engagement.
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Technology report
May 2025
Global Critical Minerals Outlook 2025 Overview of outlook for key minerals
Demand for critical minerals continues to rise across all scenarios, driven by the rapid deployment of energy technologies Demand for key energy minerals is set to grow rapidly across all scenarios, with the largest source of growth coming from the energy sector. In the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), lithium grows fivefold from today to 2040, while graphite and nickel demand double. Demand for cobalt and rare earth elements also grows strongly, increasing 50-60% by 2040. Copper is the material with the largest established market, and its demand is projected to grow by 30% over the same period. Battery deployment…
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Contributor
Selwin Hart
Special Adviser to the Secretary-General on Climate Action and Just Transition.
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Contributor
Megan Woods
Minister of Energy and Resources. Megan Woods took office as New Zealand’s Minister of Energy and Resources in June 2017. Her other ministerial portfolios include Research, Science and Innovation. Prior to becoming a member of New Zealand’s parliament in 2011, Dr Woods worked at Plant & Food Research, a New Zealand-based science company.
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