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Universal Access to Clean Cooking in Africa Clean cooking infrastructure
The right ingredients Extending access depends on new infrastructure, with differing requirements across technologies and regions. This chapter maps for the first time ever Africa’s existing clean cooking infrastructure, highlighting gaps and key considerations for expansion.Widening liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) distribution in sub-Saharan Africa requires the buildout of infrastructure. This includes additional primary storage – which is concentrated in oil producing states today – and improved port infrastructure, as 50% of LPG demand in the region is imported. On the distribution side, additional bottling facilities and specialised vehicles for safe transportation are required. With nearly 20 plants operating, cylinder manufacturing…
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Yinglun Teng
Energy Analyst.
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14th Five Year Plan for Industrial Green Development
…and Information Technology issued 14th Five Year Plan for Industrial Green Development. This Plan aims at the green development of China’s industrial sectors during the period of 2021 – 2025, by reducing carbon emissions and pollutants and supporting targeted emerging industries, to meet the country’s commitment of carbon peaking by 2030. To largely enhance its efficiency in energy and resource utilization, and improve green development in the manufacturing sector, by 2025, China aims to lower its carbon dioxide emissions per unit of value-added industrial output by 18%, reduce its energy intensity per unit of value-added industrial output…
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Regulations on the Management of Rare Earths
The Rare Earth Management Regulations, which took effect from 1 October 2024, establish a framework for protecting and utilising rare earth resources in China. These regulations govern activities including mining, smelting, separation, metal smelting, comprehensive utilisation, product circulation and import-export of rare earth elements and products within Chinese territory.The regulations emphasise that rare earth resources belong to the state, and no organisation or individual may occupy or damage them. The state implements protective mining practices and maintains unified planning for rare earth industry development through the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in conjunction with other relevant departments…
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Plan for the Implementation of the Extended Producer Responsibility System
The Plan for the Implementation of the Extended Producer Responsibility System (the Plan), issued in 2016 by China's State Council, establishes a framework extending manufacturers' environmental responsibilities across their products' entire lifecycle, from design to disposal. The Plan was issued to promote an extended producer responsibility (EPR) system in accordance with the requirements of the “Notice of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Issuing the Overall Plan for the Reform of the Ecological Civilisation System”. With an aim to strengthen the laws, regulations and standards related to the EPR system, the Plan set the following goals…
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Interim Provisions on the Traceability Management of Power Battery Recycling in New Energy Vehicles
The Interim Provisions establish a comprehensive framework for managing the traceability and recycling of power batteries used in new energy vehicles throughout their lifecycle in China. These provisions were implemented in 2018 to address the growing volume of power batteries reaching end-of-life as China's new energy vehicle sector expanded. The regulations cover the entire battery lifecycle, from manufacture through to recycling, and apply to all relevant stakeholders in the mainland Chinese market, as well as Hong Kong, Macau, and Chinese Taipei. The provisions mandate a standardised system for tracking batteries throughout their lifecycle. Vehicle manufacturers must establish…
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Hebei approved $1.2 billion investment in hydrogen projects
According to a statement from its provincial planner, 21 of the total 43 hydrogen-related projects approved by Hebei government will be located in Zhangjiakou, which aim is to become the hydrogen capital in China with a production capacity of 21 ktH2 by 2021. The government would also support the launch of pilot projects in the steelmaking sector.
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Guiding Opinions on Energy Work
These guiding opinions which sets out influential quantitative expectations for the energy system (promoting high-quality energy development and energy security at a high level, and supporting China’s continued economic growth) contains some opinions describing how innovation is expected to support energy security and grid stability, as well as the growth of non-fossil energy supplies. The 2024 guidelines highlight R&D in nuclear power, smart grids, energy storage, renewables, hydrogen and efficient coal use, and the 2025 ones provide a more detailed roadmap for advancing renewable energy and enhancing the Chinese self-reliance in energy technologies.
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Special Administrative Measures for Foreign Investment Access (Negative List) (2021)
The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) and the Ministry of Commerce issued the Order of the Ministry of Commerce No. 47 to further encourage foreign investment in China. Between 2017 and 2020, China updated its negative list annually to improve its foreign investment approach. Despite a global decrease in cross-border investments in 2020, China attracted $149.3 billion as the world’s second-largest recipient. To further encourage more investments, the NDRC and the Ministry of Commerce further shortens the negative list this year, increasing investment openness.Compared to the 2020 version, the updated list is more streamlined…
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Decision to implement export controls on tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium related items
On February 4, 2025, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs of China announced the implementation of export controls on certain items through the Decision No. 10 of 2025. This decision is based on several existing Chinese laws and regulations, including the Export Control Law, Foreign Trade Law, Customs Law and Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-Use Items. The aim is to safeguard national security and fulfill international non-proliferation obligations.The controlled items include specific materials and technologies related to tungsten, tellurium, bismuth, molybdenum and indium. Exporters of these items must apply for permission…